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The estimate is based on losses caused by the cipro’s direct impact on tourism and the cipro hc discount ripple effect on related sectors, and is worse than previously expected. Last July, UNCTAD estimated that the standstill in international tourism would cost the global economy between $1.2 trillion and $3.3 trillion. The steep drop in tourist arrivals worldwide in 2020 resulted in a $2.4 trillion economic hit, the report said, and a similar figure is expected this year depending on cipro hc discount the uptake in buy antibiotics treatments. Global vaccination plan crucial “The world needs a global vaccination effort that will protect workers, mitigate adverse social effects and make strategic decisions regarding tourism, taking potential structural changes into account,” said Isabelle Durant, the UNCTAD Acting Secretary-General.

€œTourism is a lifeline for millions, and advancing vaccination to protect communities and cipro hc discount support tourism’s safe restart is critical to the recovery of jobs and generation of much-needed resources, especially in developing countries, many of which are highly dependent on international tourism,” the UNWTO Secretary-General Zurab Pololikashvili added. Unsplash/Mauricio LeonPuntarenas, Costa Rica.Developing countries hit hard International tourist arrivals declined by about 1 billion, or 73 per cent, last year, while in the first quarter of 2021 the drop was around 88 per cent, the report said. Developing countries have borne the brunt of the cipro’s impact on tourism, with estimated reductions in arrivals of between 60 per cent and 80 per cent. They have also been hurt cipro hc discount by treatment inequity.

The agencies said the “asymmetric roll-out” of buy antibiotics treatments has magnified the economic blow to the tourism sector in these nations, as they could account for up to 60 per cent of global GDP losses. Rebound amid losses It is cipro hc discount expected that tourism will recover faster in countries with high vaccination rates, such as France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States. However, international tourist arrivals will not return to pre-cipro levels until 2023 or later, due to barriers such as travel restrictions, slow containment of the cipro, low traveller confidence and a poor economic environment. While a tourism rebound is anticipated in the second half of this year, the report expects a loss of between $1.7 trillion and $2.4 trillion in 2021, based on simulations which exclude stimulation programmes and similar policies.

As tourism falls world GDP takes a hit in 2021 cipro hc discount Source. UNCTADBased on GTAP simulations. Drop in global tourist sales are $934 billion in scenario one | $695 billion in scenario two | $676 billion in scenario three.Likely outcomes The authors outline three possible scenarios for the tourism sector this year, with the most pessimistic reflecting a 75 per cent cipro hc discount reduction in international arrivals. This scenario sees a drop in global tourist receipts of nearly $950 billion, which would cause a loss in real GDP of $2.4 trillion, while the second reflects a 63 per cent reduction in international tourist arrivals.

The third considers varying rates of domestic and regional tourism. It assumes a 75 per cent reduction in tourism in countries where treatment rates are low, and 37 per cent reduction in countries with relatively high vaccination levels, mainly developed countries and some smaller economies.“Like all new technology, artificial intelligence…can also be misused and cause harm”, warmed Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the cipro hc discount World health Organization (WHO). To regulate and govern AI, WHO published new guidance that provides six principles to limit the risks and maximize the opportunities intrinsic to AI for health. Artificial Intelligence (#AI) holds enormous potential for improving the health cipro hc discount of millions of people around 🌎🌍🌏, but only if ethics &.

Human rights are put at the heart of its design, deployment, &. Use.More in WHO’s first global report on AI &. Health👉https://t.co/fC7SX51YzY pic.twitter.com/1Jp0ASPDY3— World Health Organization (WHO) (@WHO) June 28, 2021 Governing AI WHO’s Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health report points out that AI can be and, in cipro hc discount some wealthy countries is already being, used to improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and screening for diseases. Assist with clinical care.

Strengthen health cipro hc discount research and drug development. And support diverse public health interventions, including outbreak response and health systems management. AI could also empower patients to take greater control of their own health care and enable resource-poor countries to bridge health service access gaps. However, the report cautions against overestimating its benefits for health, especially at the cipro hc discount expense of core investments and strategies required to achieve universal health coverage.

Challenges abide WHO’s new report points out that opportunities and risks are linked and cautions about unethical collection and use of health data, biases encoded in algorithms, and risks to patient safety, cybersecurity and the environment.   Moreover, it warns that systems trained primarily on data collected from individuals in high-income countries may not perform well for individuals in low- and middle-income settings.  Against this backdrop, WHO upholds that AI systems must be carefully designed to reflect the diversity of socio-economic and health-care settings and be accompanied by digital skills training and community engagement. This is especially important for healthcare workers requiring digital literacy or retraining to contend with machines cipro hc discount that could challenge the decision-making and autonomy of providers and patients. Guiding principles Because people must remain in control of health-care systems and medical decisions, the first guiding principle is to protect human autonomy. Secondly, AI designers should safeguard privacy and confidentiality by providing patients with valid informed consent through appropriate legal frameworks.

To promote human well-being and public interest, the cipro hc discount third principle calls for AI designers to ensure regulatory requirements for safety, accuracy and efficacy, including measures of quality control. As part of transparency and understanding, the fourth principle requires information to be published or documented before the AI technology is designed or deployed. Although AI technologies perform specific tasks, they must be used responsibly, under suitable conditions by appropriately trained people, cipro hc discount which is the fourth principle. The fifth is to ensure inclusiveness and equity so that AI for health is accessible to the widest possible number of people, irrespective of age, gender, ethnicity or other characteristics protected under human rights codes.

The final principle urges designers, developers and users to transparently assess applications during actual use to determine whether AI responds adequately and appropriately to expectations and requirements..

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About This TrackerThis tracker provides the number of confirmed cases and deaths from novel antibiotics by country, the trend in confirmed case and death counts by country, and a global map cipro hc generic showing which countries have confirmed cases and deaths. The data are drawn from the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) antibiotics Resource Center’s buy antibiotics Map and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) antibiotics Disease (buy antibiotics-2019) situation reports.This tracker will be updated regularly, as new data are released.Related Content. About buy antibiotics cipro hc generic antibioticsIn late 2019, a new antibiotics emerged in central China to cause disease in humans.

Cases of this disease, known as buy antibiotics, have since been reported across around the globe. On January 30, 2020, the World cipro hc generic Health Organization (WHO) declared the cipro represents a public health emergency of international concern, and on January 31, 2020, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services declared it to be a health emergency for the United States.Global Health Legislation During the 117th Congress(as of Aug.

2, 2021)TitleDate IntroducedBill #SponsorStatusTopicSummary of Global Health-Related ProvisionsAbortion is Health Care Everywhere Act of 2021To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the use of funds for comprehensive reproductive health care services, and for other purposes.3/9/2021H.R. 1670Rep. Janice Schakowsky (D-IL-9)Referred to HFACAbortion, Helms amendmentIncludes statement of U.S.

Policy regarding safe abortion and working to end unsafe abortion. Repeals the Helms Amendment (which prohibits the use of foreign assistance to pay for the performance of abortion as a method of family planning or to motivate or coerce any person to practice abortion). States that notwithstanding any other provision of law, certain funds may be used to provide comprehensive reproductive health care services, including abortion services, training, and equipment.Advancing Emergency Preparedness Through One Health Act of 2021To establish an interagency One Health Program, and for other purposes.3/18/2021S.

861Sen. Tina Smith (D-MN)Read twice and referred to S. HELPOne Health, global health securityRequires the heads of HHS, USDA, USAID, DoD, and certain other agencies to develop, publish, and submit to Congress a national One Health Framework for coordinated federal activities under the One Health Program not later than one year after enactment.

Among other things, states the framework must describe existing efforts and contain recommendations for building upon and complementing the activities of the CDC, the FDA, USAID, NIH, and certain others and also establish specific federal goals and priorities and describe specific activities required to achieve these. Requires the submission of an addendum to the framework not later than three years after its original submission, describing progress in advancing these activities. Authorizes to be appropriated such sums as necessary to develop the framework above.

Requires GAO to submit a report to Congress not later than two years after the addendum is submitted, detailing existing collaborative efforts among certain agencies for this purpose and containing an evaluation of the framework and its specified activities.American Medical Investment Generating Overseas Security Act(AMIGOS Act)To prohibit the President from taking any action to support the waiver of obligations of members of the World Trade Organization under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in relation to the prevention, containment, mitigation, or treatment of buy antibiotics–19 unless a statute is enacted expressly authorizing such a waiver with respect to the prevention, containment, mitigation, or treatment of buy antibiotics–19, and for other purposes.5/14/2021H.R. 3236Maria Elvira Salazar (R-FL-27)Referred to HFAC and H. Ways and MeansTRIPS, WTO, intellectual property rights, buy antibiotics treatmentsStates the President may not take any action to support waiver of obligations of WRO members under the TRIPS agreement in relation to the prevention, containment, mitigation, or treatment of buy antibiotics unless a statute is enacted expressly authorizing such a waiver with respect to such.

Requires the President to allocate excess U.S. buy antibiotics treatments in a specified order of priority, with certain exceptions, and to monitor the allocation of such to ensure assisted governments provide treatments to their peoples in a timely manner and do not otherwise withhold them. Requires such treatments provided to foreign countries to be marked as assistance from the American people or the U.S.

Government and to include a depiction of the flag of the U.S. If appropriate.American Rescue Plan Act of 2021To provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of S. Con.

John Yarmuth (D-KY-3)Became law (P.L. 117-2)buy antibiotics, Global FundSee KFF summary.American Values ActTo permanently enact certain appropriations Act restrictions on the use of funds for abortions and involuntary sterilizations, and for other purposes.2/4/2021S. 239Sen.

James Risch (R-ID)Read twice and referred to SFRCAbortion, involuntary sterilization amendment, Siljander amendment, Kemp-Kasten amendment, Peace Corps provision, Helms amendment, Biden amendmentAmends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to codify in permanent law the Siljander amendment, which prohibits the use of funds to lobby for or against abortion, and the Kemp-Kasten amendment, which prohibits funding any organization or program, as determined by the President, that supports or participates in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization. Restates the Helms amendment, the Involuntary Sterilization amendment (which prohibits the use of funds to pay for involuntary sterilizations as a method of family planning or to coerce or provide a financial incentive to anyone to undergo sterilization), and the Biden amendment (which states that funds may not be used for biomedical research related to methods of or the performance of abortion or involuntary sterilization as a means of family planning) that are already in permanent law. Also amends the Peace Corps Act to codify in permanent law the Peace Corps provision, which prohibits Peace Corps funding from paying for an abortion for a Peace Corps volunteer or trainee, except in cases where the life of the woman is endangered by pregnancy or in cases of rape or incest.

In the past these have been included only in annual State-Foreign Operations appropriations language. See also the KFF fact sheet on FP/RH statutory requirements and policies and the KFF explainer on UNFPA funding and Kemp-Kasten.Binational Health Strategies Act of 2021To amend the United States-Mexico Border Health Commission Act, with respect to preparedness for buy antibiotics–19 and other infectious diseases in the border region, and for other purposes.3/03/2021H.R. 1538Rep..

Veronica Escobar (D-TX-16)Referred to H. Energy and HFACMexicoAuthorizes and directs the President to seek to begin negotiations with Mexico to amend an existing agreement addressing infectious disease preparedness in the U.S.-Mexico Border Area, with respect to buy antibiotics and other infectious diseases, specifically requiring the U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission to submit a report on the border area’s response to buy antibiotics and requiring it to also develop and publicly publish a binational strategic plan that addresses how the area should strengthen its buy antibiotics response, sharing relevant health data, and how a buy antibiotics treatment should be disbursed throughout the area, among other things. Requires the Commission to publish what actions federal agencies in the U.S.

And Mexico will take to facilitate implementation of the strategic plan and then to submit a report on actions taken each year. Requires the Commission to develop and publish a plan to prepare and respond to infectious diseases (other than buy antibiotics) within the border area, to update the plan at least once every three years for as long as necessary, and to publish what actions federal agencies in the U.S. And Mexico will take to facilitate implementation of this plan, with a report on actions taken each year required to be submitted.BLUE Pacific ActTo establish a comprehensive, long-term United States strategy and policy for the Pacific Islands, and for other purposes.5/4/2021H.R.

2967Rep. Ed Case (D-HI-1)Referred to HFAC, H. Ways and Means, H.

Natural ResourcesPublic health capacity building, buy antibiotics, gender-based violenceStates U.S. Policy is to develop and commit to a comprehensive, multifaceted, and principled U.S. Policy in the Pacific Islands that, among other things, assists the Pacific Islands in preventing and containing the spread of the buy antibiotics cipro.

Requires the USAID Administrator, in coordination with the Secretary of States, to develop and implement a strategy to assist the Pacific Islands in improving public health outcomes and building public health capacity, including in response to the buy antibiotics cipro. Requires the strategy include programming to address maternal and child health, family planning and reproductive health, gender-based violence, food security and nutrition, NCDs, NTDs, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, STDs, and zoonotic and emerging infectious disease threats, clean water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), health system strengthening, and other activities. Requires a report not later than 180 days after enactment with strategy.

Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million for each FY22-FY26 to carry out these efforts. Requires the Secretary of State and USAID Administrator to develop and implement an initiative to encourage and support efforts by the Pacific Island to reduce and combat gender-based violence.Climate Change Health Protection and Promotion Act of 2021To direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to develop and implement a national strategic action plan and program to assist health professionals and systems in preparing for and responding to the public health effects of climate change, and for other purposes.5/17/2021H.R. 3271Rep.

Matt Cartwright (D-PA-8)Referred to H. Energy and CommerceClimate change, global healthDirects Secretary of HHS to publish a strategic action plan and establish a climate change and health program (at CDC, in collaboration with other agencies, as appropriate) to ensure the public health and health care systems are prepared for and can respond to the impacts of climate change on health in the U.S. And other nations.

Requires the action plan include an assessment of U.S. Capacity to address climate change including, among other things, providing technical assistance and support for preparedness and response plans for the health threats of climate change in developing countries, and developing or strengthening domestic and international disease surveillance systems and monitoring capacity to respond to health-related impacts of climate change. Describes priority health actions for the climate and health program, including with regard to global health aspects of climate change.

Requires periodic updates of action plan. Establishes science advisory board and its functions, including with regarding to international impacts of climate change on health. And directs HHS Secretary to have National Academies prepare reports on topic, with the first due in one year and then every 4 years thereafter.Climate Change Health Protection and Promotion Act of 2021To direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to develop and implement a national strategic action plan and program to assist health professionals and systems in preparing for and responding to the public health effects of climate change, and for other purposes.5/19/2021S.

1702Sen. Edward Markey (D-MA)Read twice and referred to S. HELPClimate change, global healthDirects Secretary of HHS to publish a strategic action plan and establish a climate change and health program (at CDC, in collaboration with other agencies, as appropriate) to ensure the public health and health care systems are prepared for and can respond to the impacts of climate change on health in the U.S.

And other nations. Requires the action plan include an assessment of U.S. Capacity to address climate change including, among other things, providing technical assistance and support for preparedness and response plans for the health threats of climate change in developing countries, and developing or strengthening domestic and international disease surveillance systems and monitoring capacity to respond to health-related impacts of climate change.

Describes priority health actions for the climate and health program, including with regard to global health aspects of climate change. Requires periodic updates of action plan. Establishes science advisory board and its functions, including with regarding to international impacts of climate change on health.

And directs HHS Secretary to have National Academies prepare reports on topic, with the first due in one year and then every 4 years thereafter.Curbing China’s treatment Diplomacy ActTo prioritize the international distribution of buy antibiotics treatment doses, and for other purposes.7/6/2021H.R.4362Rep. Carlos Gimenez (R-FL-26)Referred to HFACbuy antibiotics, treatmentsRequires the Secretary of States to prioritize, in carrying out the international distribution of buy antibiotics treatment doses, distribution to Taiwan and crucial Latin American allies, subject first to Administration certification to Congress that it has determined all Americans have been afforded ample opportunity to be fully vaccinated against buy antibiotics. Requires the Secretary to ensure that not less than 25% of the total number of buy antibiotics treatment doses intended for international distribution are reserved for and distributed to Taiwan and crucial Latin American allies and states the Secretary may not distribute any doses to other recipients or countries until the above have each received at least a first shipment of their reserved doses.

States the Secretary may not distribute buy antibiotics treatment doses to any country which has a government that has been determined to have engaged in systemic or widespread human rights abuses. Terminates five days after the date on which the Secretary determines the above have each achieved 40% vaccination rates of their respective populations.Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2022(State/Foreign Ops – SFOPS Approps)Making appropriations for the Department of State, foreign operations, and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022, and for other purposes.7/6/2021H.R. 4373Rep.

Barbara Lee (D-CA-13)Passed House, received in the SenateAppropriationsSee KFF summary. Includes the text of the Global Health, Empowerment, and Rights (Global HER) Act (H.R. 556), which codifies prohibition of the expanded Mexico City policy (rescinded by President Biden in Jan.

2021, see KFF explainer). Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022(Labor/HHS – LHHS Approps)Making appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022, and for other purposes.7/19/2021H.R. 4502Rep.

Rosa DeLauro (D-CT-3)Passed HouseAppropriationsSee KFF summary.Global Autism ActTo establish a Global Autism Assistance Program.6/24/2021H.R. 4160Rep. Christopher Smith (R-NJ-4)Referred to HFACAutismEstablishes a health and education grant program known as the Global Autism Assistance Program at USAID to support activities focused on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in developing countries and to establish a program, known as Train the Trainers, to train health and education professionals working with children with ASD in developing countries.

Outlines designation of eligible regions and selection of implementing NGO and activities it may carry out with the grant. Requires the implementing NGO to establish a Project Advisory Board to review local applications for content and appropriateness. To carry out this program, requires the USAID Administrator to allocate amounts that have been appropriated or otherwise made available to USAID.

Requires an annual report on activities.Global Health, Empowerment and Rights Act(Global HER Act) To prohibit the application of certain restrictive eligibility requirements to foreign nongovernmental organizations with respect to the provision of assistance under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.1/28/2021H.R. 556Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA-13)Referred to HFACAbortion, Mexico City policyCodifies prohibition of the expanded Mexico City policy (rescinded by President Biden in Jan.

2021, see KFF explainer). States that notwithstanding any provision of law, regulation, or policy, foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) shall not be ineligible for certain foreign aid under the Foreign Assistance Act solely on the basis of health or medical services provided with non-U.S. Funds (insofar as legal in country where provided and under U.S.

Law) and shall not be subject to requirements relating to their use of non-U.S. Funds for advocacy and lobbying activities.*Global Health, Empowerment and Rights Act(Global HER Act) To prohibit the application of certain restrictive eligibility requirements to foreign nongovernmental organizations with respect to the provision of assistance under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.1/28/2021S. 142Sen.

Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)Read twice and referred to SFRCAbortion, Mexico City policyCodifies prohibition of the expanded Mexico City policy (rescinded by President Biden in Jan. 2021, see KFF explainer). States that notwithstanding any provision of law, regulation, or policy, foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) shall not be ineligible for certain foreign aid under the Foreign Assistance Act solely on the basis of health or medical services provided with non-U.S.

Funds (insofar as legal in country where provided and under U.S. Law) and shall not be subject to requirements relating to their use of non-U.S. Funds for advocacy and lobbying activities.*Global Health Security Act of 2021To authorize a comprehensive, strategic approach for United States foreign assistance to developing countries to strengthen global health security, and for other purposes.1/21/2021H.R.

391Rep. Gerald Connolly (D-VA-11)Passed House, read twice and referred to SFRCGlobal health security, global health emergenciesStates it is U.S. Policy to promote and invest in global health security and cipro preparedness as a core national security interest.

Establishes a Global Health Security Agenda Interagency Review Council, designates members, responsibilities, and frequency of meetings. Designates a U.S. Coordinator for Global Health Security responsible for coordination of the interagency process for responding to global health security emergencies.

Express Sense of Congress that the President should consider appointing an individual with significant background and expertise in public health or emergency response management to such position. Requires a U.S. Global health security strategy, its implementation (including agency-specific plans), and an annual report on status of implementation.

Directs the Secretary of State, Treasury Secretary, USAID Administrator, and HHS Secretary, among others, to seek to enter into negotiations with donors, relevant U.N. Agencies (including WHO), and other stakeholders to establish a fund for global health security and cipro preparedness as a multilateral, catalytic financing mechanism. Describes Fund’s Advisory Board, purpose, Executive Board and its makeup and duties.

Creates a Coordinator of U.S. Government activities to advance global health security, who shall be appointed by the President to represent the U.S. On the Executive Board.

Outlines eligible partner country definition and Fund program objectives, supported activities, administration, including appointment of an Administrator appointed by the Executive Board, and transparency and accountability requirements. Requires reports to Congress on the Fund including a 6 month status report and then annual reports after the Fund’s establishment. And authorizes U.S.

Contributions to the Fund with a limit that the U.S. Share not exceed 33% of total contributions to the Fund cumulatively.Global Malnutrition Prevention and Treatment Act of 2021To advance targeted and evidence-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of global malnutrition and to improve the coordination of such programs, and for other purposes.07/26/2021H.R. 4693Rep.

Michael McCaul (R-TX-10)Passed HFAC (Ordered to be Reported by Voice Vote)MalnutritionAuthorizes the USAID Administrator to support efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition globally, including by targeting resources and nutrition interventions to support the most vulnerable populations susceptible to severe malnutrition, including children under the age of 5 and pregnant and lactating women. Directs the Administrator and others to coordinate with bilateral and multilateral donors, governments of partner countries, U.N. Agencies, and others to prevent and treat malnutrition globally.

Requires the Administrator and others to seek to leverage additional resources to this end by increasing interagency cooperation among relevant departments and agencies represented in the Global Nutrition Coordination Plan. Requires the selection of priority countries and outlines criteria. Express Sense of Congress that efforts to undertake nutrition interventions in countries not selected as priority countries should continue.

Authorizes the establishment of the Nutrition Leadership Council within USAID and outlines its duties and membership. Requires the development of an implementation plan. Requires an annual progress report for five years.Global cipro Prevention and Biosecurity ActTo establish a global zoonotic disease task force, and for other purposes.

5/20/2021H.R. 3424Rep. Grace Meng (D-NY-6)Referred to HFACcipro, zoonotic diseases, One Health, global health security, biosecurityRequires the Secretary of State and USAID Administrator to work with certain relevant agency heads to coordinate, work with, and engage governments, multilateral entities, and certain others to prevent zoonotic spillover events through various actions such as addressing the commercial trade in wildlife, strengthening global capacity for detection of zoonotic diseases with cipro potential, and supporting the development of One Health systems at the community level.

Establishes the global zoonotic disease task force and outlines its membership and their terms, duties (including developing and publishing a plan for global biosecurity and zoonotic disease prevention and response and expanding the scope of the global health security strategy to more robustly support the prevention of zoonotic spillover and to respond to zoonotic disease investigations and outbreaks by establishing a 10 year strategy), required reports from agencies to the task force as well as from the task force to Congress, and its termination date 7 years after the date of enactment or a later date that is not later than two years after that.Global cipro Prevention and Biosecurity ActTo establish a global zoonotic disease task force, and for other purposes. 5/20/2021S.1737Sen. Chris Coons (D-DE)Read twice and referred to SFRCcipro, zoonotic diseases, One Health, global health security,biosecurityRequires the Secretary of State and USAID Administrator to work with certain relevant agency heads to coordinate, work with, and engage governments, multilateral entities, and certain others to prevent zoonotic spillover events through various actions such as addressing the commercial trade in wildlife, strengthening global capacity for detection of zoonotic diseases with cipro potential, and supporting the development of One Health systems at the community level.

Establishes the global zoonotic disease task force and outlines its membership and their terms, duties (including developing and publishing a plan for global biosecurity and zoonotic disease prevention and response and expanding the scope of the global health security strategy to more robustly support the prevention of zoonotic spillover and to respond to zoonotic disease investigations and outbreaks by establishing a 10 year strategy), required reports from agencies to the task force as well as from the task force to Congress, and its termination date 7 years after the date of enactment or a later date that is not later than two years after that.Greater Leadership Overseas for the Benefit of Equality Act of 2021(GLOBE Act of 2021)To protect human rights and enhance opportunities for LGBTQI people around the world, and for other purposes. 6/9/2021S. 1996Sen.

Edward Markey (D-MA)Read twice and referred to SFRCLGBTQI health, HIV, Mexico City policyRequires equal access of all elements of the population to programs funded by U.S. Assistance, including global health programs.Also requires PEPFAR to. Be implemented in a way that equitably serves LGBTQI people, submit a report to Congress describing international prosecutions for sex work or consensual sexual activity based on commodities provided by PEPFAR or other U.S.

Support, and submit a report to Congress on HIV/AIDS-related index testing. Requires GAO to submit a report to Congress that describes the impact of the implementation and enforcement of any iteration of the Mexico City Policy on the global LGBTQI community. And expresses Sense of Congress regarding the U.S.

Engaging international organizations in efforts to eliminate LGBTQI discrimination.Greater Leadership Overseas for the Benefit of Equality Act of 2021(GLOBE Act of 2021)To protect human rights and enhance opportunities for LGBTQI people around the world, and for other purposes. 6/8/2021H.R. 3800Rep.

Dina Titus (D-NV-1)Referred to HFAC, H. JudiciaryLGBTQI health, HIV, Mexico City policyRequires equal access of all elements of the population to programs funded by U.S. Assistance, including global health programs.Also requires PEPFAR to.

Be implemented in a way that equitably serves LGBTQI people, submit a report to Congress describing international prosecutions for sex work or consensual sexual activity based on commodities provided by PEPFAR or other U.S. Support, and submit a report to Congress on HIV/AIDS-related index testing. Requires GAO to submit a report to Congress that describes the impact of the implementation and enforcement of any iteration of the Mexico City Policy on the global LGBTQI community.

Expresses Sense of Congress regarding the U.S. Engaging international organizations in efforts to eliminate LGBTQI discrimination. And repeals the Mexico City policy by removing certain limitations on eligibility for foreign assistance.Honoring OCEANIA ActTo strengthen United States engagement in the Oceania region and enhance the security and resilience of allies and partners of the Oceania community, and for other purposes.5/20/2021H.R.

3373Rep. Ami Bera (D-CA-7)Referred to HFAC, H. Veterans’ Affairs, H.

Natural Resources, H. Armed Services, H. Financial Services, H.

Judiciary, H. Transportation and Infrastructure, H. Homeland SecurityPublic health capacity building, global health securityStates it is U.S.

Policy to, among other things, improve the local capacity of the countries of Oceania to address public health challenges and improve global health security. Requires the Secretary of State, in consultation with the HHS Secretary, to establish a program to support building public health capacity and improving access to care and local health outcomes in Oceania related to maternal and child health, STDs, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, NTDs, NCDs, gender-based violence, substance use disorder, mortality due to epidemics, disasters, and the impacts from severe weather and environmental change, and other health issues. Requires a report on these efforts annually.

Authorizes to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the program. Requires amounts appropriated or made available to remain available under expended.Honoring OCEANIA ActTo strengthen United States engagement in the Oceania region and enhance the security and resilience of allies and partners of the Oceania community, and for other purposes.5/20/2021S. 1774Sen.

Brian Schatz (D-HI)Read twice and referred to SFRCPublic health capacity building, global health securityStates it is U.S. Policy to, among other things, improve the local capacity of the countries of Oceania to address public health challenges and improve global health security. Requires the Secretary of State, in consultation with the HHS Secretary, to establish a program to support building public health capacity and improving access to care and local health outcomes in Oceania related to maternal and child health, STDs, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, NTDs, NCDs, gender-based violence, substance use disorder, mortality due to epidemics, disasters, and the impacts from severe weather and environmental change, and other health issues.

Requires a report on these efforts annually. Authorizes to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the program. Requires amounts appropriated or made available to remain available under expended.International Human Rights Defense Act of 2021To establish in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the Department of State a Special Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTI Peoples, and for other purposes.2/22/2021H.R.

1201Rep. Alan Lowenthal (D-CA-47)Referred to HFACLGBTI health, HIVIncludes statement of U.S. Policy regarding LGBTI issues globally, including employing a multisectoral approach to preventing and responding to criminalization, discrimination, and violence against LGBTI people internationally, including activities in the health sector.

Authorizes the provision of U.S. Assistance to prevent and respond to these issues internationally, including enhancement of health sector capacity related to violence against LGBTI people and communities and to combat HIV.International Human Rights Defense Act of 2021To establish in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the Department of State a Special Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTI Peoples, and for other purposes.2/24/2021S. 424Sen.

Edward Markey (D-MA)Read twice and referred to SFRCLGBTI health, HIVIncludes statement of U.S. Policy regarding LGBTI issues globally, including employing a multisectoral approach to preventing and responding to criminalization, discrimination, and violence against LGBTI people internationally, including activities in the health sector. Authorizes the provision of U.S.

Assistance to prevent and respond to these issues internationally, including enhancement of health sector capacity related to violence against LGBTI people and communities and to combat HIV.International cipro Preparedness and buy antibiotics Response Act of 2021To improve global health, and for other purposes.6/24/2021S. 2297Sen. James Risch (R-ID)Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orderscipro preparedness, buy antibiotics, treatments, WHO, health systems strengthening, CEPI, global health security, Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and malariaRequires a report describing certain foreign assistance obligated/expended under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 and a plan for certain remaining funds.

Requires development of a strategy to expand access to, and accelerate the global distribution of, buy antibiotics treatments to other countries. Requires a report that assesses the global humanitarian response to buy antibiotics and outlines specific elements of the U.S. Government’s country-level response to the buy antibiotics cipro.

In the event of an infectious disease outbreak outside the U.S. With cipro potential, states the President should designate the Department of State to serve as the lead for diplomatic engagement and related foreign policy efforts, USAID to serve as the key lead agency for design and implementation of the U.S. International response, relief, and recovery assistance, and the CDC to serve as the public health lead for the international response such as building up (in coordination with USAID) emergency operation centers.

Allows certain foreign assistance funding to be used to support USAID disaster surge capacity. Requires a U.S. Global health security strategy and report.

Authorizes to be established a committee on global health security and cipro and biological threats within the National Security Council (NSC) led by the Special Advisor for Global Health Security of the NSC. Within the Department of State, establishes a Special Representative for U.S. International activities to advance global health security and diplomacy overseas, to be appointed by the President and report to the Secretary of State and to lead in developing a global cipro prevention, preparedness and response framework.

Authorizes the Representative to transfer and allocate certain U.S. Foreign assistance funding to the relevant departments and agencies implementing the U.S. Global health security strategy.

Authorizes to be appropriated $3 billion for the five-year period beginning Oct. 1, 2022, to support enhancing preparedness in partner countries, replenishing the USAID Emergency Reserve Fund, U.S. Contributions to the World Bank Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Multi-Donor Fund, and U.S.

Contributions to a new multilateral, catalytic financing mechanism for global health security and cipro prevention and preparedness (see “the Fund” below). Requires U.S. Global health program leadership identify areas of collaboration and coordination to ensure that such activities contribute to health systems strengthening.

Directs the Secretary of State, with the USAID Administrator, to work with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Gavi, the treatment Alliance, bilateral donors, and others to develop shared core indicators for strengthened health systems. Authorizes the U.S. To participate in the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).

Expresses Sense of Congress that the President should make an immediate contribution to CEPI of $300 million to expand research and development of treatments to combat the spread of buy antibiotics variants. Requires an annual National Intelligence Estimate (for five years) regarding the risks posed to the national security interests of the U.S. By the emergence, reemergence, and overseas transmission of pathogens with cipro potential.

Requires the Secretary of State and others to work with WHO and other key stakeholders to establish or strengthen effective early warning systems for infectious disease threats with epidemic and cipro potential. Directs the Secretary of State, with the HHS Secretary, to work with WHO and like-minded member states to adopt an approach toward assessing infectious disease threats under the International Health Regulations (2005) for the WHO to identify and transparently communicate on an ongoing basis varying levels of risk leading up to, and during and after, a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) declaration. Directs the Secretary of State and others to seek to enter into negotiations to establish “the Fund;” authorizes the President to make available for U.S.

Contributions to the Fund such funds as may be appropriated or otherwise made available for such purpose. Limits the U.S. Contribution to the Fund to not exceed 33% of the total contributions from all sources.Mental Health in International Development and Humanitarian Settings Act(MINDS Act)To enhance mental health and psychosocial support within United States foreign assistance programs.6/17/2021H.R.

3988Rep. Theodore Deutch (D-FL-22)Referred to HFACMental health, children in adversity, buy antibioticsExpresses Sense of Congress that mental health is integral and essential to overall health outcomes and other development objectives. Codifies the position of USAID coordinator for mental health and psychosocial support and describes the position’s duties, including establishing a Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Working Group.

Describes the Group’s duties and members. States U.S. Policy is to integrate mental health and psychosocial support across all foreign assistance programs funded by the U.S..

Requires USAID and the Department of State regional bureaus and missions to utilize such policy for local capacity building, as appropriate and that such programming be evidence-based and culturally competent and respond to the specific needs of children in adversity. Requires USAID to brief Congress on progress and challenges to implementation, including programming in conflict and humanitarian settings, as well as the impact of buy antibiotics on programming. Requires the USAID Administrator in consultation with the OMB Director to brief Congress annually for five years (FY22 – FY26) on spending for this programming in U.S.

Foreign assistance.Mental Health in International Development and Humanitarian Settings Act(MINDS Act)To enhance mental health and psychosocial support within United States foreign assistance programs.6/17/2021S. 2105Sen. Robert Casey (D-PA)Read twice and referred to SFRCMental health, children in adversity, buy antibioticsExpresses Sense of Congress that mental health is integral and essential to overall health outcomes and other development objectives.

Codifies the position of USAID coordinator for mental health and psychosocial support and describes the position’s duties, including establishing a Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Working Group. Describes the Group’s duties and members. States U.S.

Policy is to integrate mental health and psychosocial support across all foreign assistance programs funded by the U.S.. Requires USAID and the Department of State regional bureaus and missions to utilize such policy for local capacity building, as appropriate and that such programming be evidence-based and culturally competent and respond to the specific needs of children in adversity. Requires USAID to brief Congress on progress and challenges to implementation, including programming in conflict and humanitarian settings, as well as the impact of buy antibiotics on programming.

Requires the USAID Administrator in consultation with the OMB Director to brief Congress annually for five years (FY22 – FY26) on spending for this programming in U.S. Foreign assistance.Nullifying Opportunities for Variants to Infect and Decimate Act(NOVID Act)To establish a program to oversee the global buy antibiotics response and prepare for future cipros, and for other purposes.6/8/2021H.R. 3778Rep.

Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL-8)Referred to HFAC and H. Energy and Commercebuy antibiotics, global health security, cipro preparedness and responseEstablishes the cipro preparedness and response program to be responsible for and provide oversight over the U.S. Global health response to the buy antibiotics cipro and protect Americans from the emergence of buy antibiotics variants and other pathogens with cipro potential.

Require President to appoint program director who will coordinate the work of identified agencies, including USAID, CDC, and the Department of State, among others. Requires development of a comprehensive strategy to end the buy antibiotics cipro worldwide as well as a long-term strategy for preventing future cipros. Authorizes to be appropriated $34 billion for these efforts, and expresses Sense of Congress that $25 billion be made available to scale treatment manufacturing capacity and produce treatments, $8.5 billion to cover the cost of end-to-end delivery and administration of treatments in target countries, and $500 million to establish a global disease surveillance network to protect against future cipros.

Describes implementation of comprehensive strategy, including requiring director to ensure immediate release of 80 million treatment doses that the U.S. Has already committed to send abroad and to reassess the U.S. treatment stockpile to determine whether further treatments can be sent abroad and to coordinate with BARDA to rapidly scale manufacturing capacity around the world to produce 8 billion treatment doses as soon as possible.

Also requires director to ensure equitable access to treatments in collaboration with COVAX and to work with international partners to provide enough treatments to lower- and middle-income countries to fully vaccinate at least 60% of their respective populations, especially 92 countries identified by COVAX as being most in need of assistance. Requires the program to, among other things, build on PEPFAR and other existing U.S. Programs and relationships bilaterally and multilaterally.

Express Sense of Congress that in the face of a global health emergency, the U.S. Government has broad authority, including under the Defense Production Act and the “Bayh-Dole Act”, to ensure adequate supply of treatments, necessary components, and raw materials through technology sharing and direct collaboration with manufacturers around the world.Nullifying Opportunities for Variants to Infect and Decimate Act(NOVID Act) To establish a program to oversee the global buy antibiotics response and prepare for future cipros, and for other purposes.6/8/2021S. 1976Sen.

Jeff Merkley (D-OR)Read twice and referred to SFRCbuy antibiotics, global health security, cipro preparedness and responseEstablishes the cipro preparedness and response program to be responsible for and provide oversight over the U.S. Global health response to the buy antibiotics cipro and protect Americans from the emergence of buy antibiotics variants and other pathogens with cipro potential. Require President to appoint program director who will coordinate the work of identified agencies, including USAID, CDC, and the Department of State, among others.

Requires development of a comprehensive strategy to end the buy antibiotics cipro worldwide as well as a long-term strategy for preventing future cipros. Authorizes to be appropriated $34 billion for these efforts, and expresses Sense of Congress that $25 billion be made available to scale treatment manufacturing capacity and produce treatments, $8.5 billion to cover the cost of end-to-end delivery and administration of treatments in target countries, and $500 million to establish a global disease surveillance network to protect against future cipros. Describes implementation of comprehensive strategy, including requiring director to ensure immediate release of 80 million treatment doses that the U.S.

Has already committed to send abroad and to reassess the U.S. treatment stockpile to determine whether further treatments can be sent abroad and to coordinate with BARDA to rapidly scale manufacturing capacity around the world to produce 8 billion treatment doses as soon as possible. Also requires director to ensure equitable access to treatments in collaboration with COVAX and to work with international partners to provide enough treatments to lower- and middle-income countries to fully vaccinate at least 60% of their respective populations, especially 92 countries identified by COVAX as being most in need of assistance.

Requires the program to, among other things, build on PEPFAR and other existing U.S. Programs and relationships bilaterally and multilaterally. Express Sense of Congress that in the face of a global health emergency, the U.S.

Government has broad authority, including under the Defense Production Act and the “Bayh-Dole Act”, to ensure adequate supply of treatments, necessary components, and raw materials through technology sharing and direct collaboration with manufacturers around the world.Preventing Foreign Attempts To Erode Healthcare Innovation ActTo prohibit the use of funds to support a measure at the World Trade Organization waiving intellectual property rights, and for other purposes.5/18/2021S. 1683Sen. Tim Scott (R-SC)Read twice and referred to S.

FinanceTRIPS, WTO, intellectual property rights, buy antibiotics treatmentsExpresses Sense of Congress that U.S. Should continue to promote strong international [sic] property rights internationally and that it is in the national interest of the U.S. To oppose efforts to transfer U.S.

Intellectual property and technology to China or other countries seeking to profit off U.S. Investments. Prohibits use of funds to support, allow, or facilitate the negotiation or approval of the TRIPS waiver for the prevention, containment, and treatment of buy antibiotics proposed by India and South Africa or any other measure at the WTO to waive intellectual property rights.Preventing Future cipros Act of 2021To address the public health risks posed by wildlife markets, and for other purposes.1/4/2021H.R.

151Rep. Mike Quigley (D-IL-5)Referred to HFAC, H. Energy and Commerce, H.

Judiciary, H. Ways and Means, H. Financial Services, H.

Natural ResourcesGlobal health security, One Health, zoonotic diseasesRequires the HHS Secretary to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for it to conduct a study on the risk of wildlife markets on the emergency of novel viral pathogens, to be submitted not later than one year after the date of agreement. Expresses Sense of Congress that global institutions, including WHO, and others including USAID should promote the paradigm of One Health. States U.S.

Policy is to facilitate international cooperation to close high risk wildlife markets around that world and to work to develop agreements and protocols to close these markets. Allows the President to impose sanctions on any country (or nationals of a country) continuing to license or enable commercial wildlife markets or engaged in certain activities. Authorizes FY 2021 – FY 2030 funding for USAID activities related to sustainable food systems.

Requires the USAID administrator to increase activities related to biodiversity, global health, and resilience, among other things, in order to address the threats and causes of zoonotic disease outbreaks.. Requires reporting from the Department of State and USAID describing these efforts.Preventing Future cipros Act of 2021To address the public health risks posed by wildlife markets, and for other purposes.1/25/2021S. 37Sen.

John Cornyn (R-TX)Read twice and referred to SFRCGlobal health security, One Health, zoonotic diseasesRequires the HHS Secretary to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for it to conduct a study on the risk of wildlife markets on the emergency of novel viral pathogens, to be submitted not later than one year after the date of agreement. Expresses Sense of Congress that global institutions, including WHO, and others including USAID should promote the paradigm of One Health. States U.S.

Policy is to facilitate international cooperation to close high risk wildlife markets around that world and to work to develop agreements and protocols to close these markets. Allows the President to impose sanctions on any country (or nationals of a country) continuing to license or enable commercial wildlife markets or engaged in certain activities. Authorizes FY 2021 – FY 2030 funding for USAID activities related to sustainable food systems.

Requires the USAID administrator to increase activities related to biodiversity, global health, and resilience, among other things, in order to address the threats and causes of zoonotic disease outbreaks.. Requires reporting from the Department of State and USAID describing these efforts.Protecting Life in Foreign Assistance ActTo restrict the availability of Federal funds to organizations associated with the abortion industry.1/28/2021H.R. 534Rep.

Virginia Foxx (R-NC-5)Referred to HFACAbortion, Mexico City policyCodifies the expanded Mexico City policy (rescinded by President Biden in Jan. 2021. See KFF explainer) and expands it to apply more broadly to federal funding made available for purposes outside of the U.S.

To 1) any foreign nonprofit organization, foreign nongovernmental organization, foreign multilateral organization, or foreign quasi-autonomous nongovernmental organization that carries out certain activities, and 2) any domestic nonprofit organization or domestic nongovernmental organization that carries out certain activities.Protecting Life in Foreign Assistance ActTo restrict the availability of Federal funds to organizations associated with the abortion industry.1/28/2021S. 137Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT)Read twice and referred to SFRCAbortion, Mexico City policyCodifies the expanded Mexico City policy (rescinded by President Biden in Jan.

2021. See KFF explainer) and expands it to apply more broadly to federal funding made available for purposes outside of the U.S. To 1) any foreign nonprofit organization, foreign nongovernmental organization, foreign multilateral organization, or foreign quasi-autonomous nongovernmental organization that carries out certain activities, and 2) any domestic nonprofit organization or domestic nongovernmental organization that carries out certain activities.Reach Every Mother and Child ActTo amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to implement policies to end preventable maternal, newborn, and child deaths globally.4/29/2021S.

1451Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME)Read twice and referred to SFRCMaternal health, child healthIncludes statement of U.S. Policy to establish and implement a coordinated, integrated, and comprehensive strategy to end preventable child and maternal deaths and ensure healthy and productive lives.

Requires the establishment and implementation of a five-year comprehensive strategy to contribute toward the global goal of ending preventable child and maternal deaths by 2030. States the President should designate a Child and Maternal Survival Coordinator and describes their duties. Requires an annual report on progress.Reproductive Rights are Human Rights Act of 2021To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to require a section on reproductive rights in the Annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices.5/28/2021H.R.

3576Rep. Katherine Clark (D-MA-5)Referred to HFACState Dept. Annual human rights report, family planning/reproductive health (FP/RH), maternal mortality, abortion, violence against womenAmends existing law to require annual reporting by the Department of State on human rights to include, among other things.

The status of reproductive rights in each country. Description of the rates and causes of pregnancy-related injuries and deaths (including deaths due to unsafe abortions), violence against women, and access to family planning. Requires that civil society and multilateral organizations’ representatives in the U.S.

And countries included in such reporting be consulted with during the preparation of annual reporting.Reproductive Rights are Human Rights Act of 2021To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to require a section on reproductive rights in the Annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices.5/26/2021S. 1864Sen. Robert Menendez (D-NJ)Read twice and referred to SFRCState Dept.

Annual human rights report, family planning/reproductive health (FP/RH), maternal mortality, abortion, violence against womenAmends existing law to require annual reporting by the Department of State on human rights to include, among other things. The status of reproductive rights in each country. Description of the rates and causes of pregnancy-related injuries and deaths (including deaths due to unsafe abortions), violence against women, and access to family planning.

Requires that civil society and multilateral organizations’ representatives in the U.S. And countries included in such reporting be consulted with during the preparation of annual reporting.Robust International Response to cipro ActTo provide support for a robust global response to the buy antibiotics cipro.2/11/2021H.R. 986Rep.

Jesus “Chuy” Garcia (D-IL-4)Referred to H. Financial Servicesbuy antibioticsDirects the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct U.S. Executive Directors at international financial institutions to ensure international financial institution support for a robust international response to the global buy antibiotics cipro, including to oppose the approval or endorsement of any loan, grant, document, or strategy that would lead to a decrease in health care spending or in any other spending that would impede the ability of any country to prevent or contain the spread of, or treat persons who are or may be infected with, the buy antibiotics cipro.Securing America From Epidemics Act(SAFE Act) To authorize United States participation in the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, and for other purposes.3/23/2021H.R.

2118Rep. Ami Bera (D-CA-7)Passed House, read twice and referred to SFRCResearch &. Development (R&D), global health security, cipro, epidemicAuthorizes U.S.

Participation in the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI). Reports to Congress required to be submitted by the President not later than 180 days after enactment of the Act and to outline planned U.S. Contributions to CEPI, the manner and extent to which the U.S.

Will participate in the governance of CEPI, and how participation in CEPI supports relevant U.S. Strategies and programs in health security and biodefense, among other things. Authorizes certain appropriated funding to be made available for U.S.

Contributions to CEPI.Strategic Competition Act of 2021To address issues involving the People’s Republic of China. 4/15/2021S. 1169Sen.

Robert Menendez (D-NJ)Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Ordersbuy antibiotics, health cooperation, WHO, global health security, abortion, forced sterilization, debt reliefExpresses sense of Congress that the U.S. Government should encourage other foreign governments to use the official and scientific names for the buy antibiotics cipro. States U.S.

Policy is to deepen cooperation between and among the U.S., Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Thailand, and Australia, including through scientific and health partnerships. Expresses sense of Congress that recent pledge from the first-ever Quad (Australia, India, Japan, U.S.) leaders meeting on March 12, 2021, to respond to the economic and health impacts of buy antibiotics, including expanding treatment production and equitable access, further advances cooperation among Quad nations. States it is U.S.

Policy to stand with the nations of ASEAN as they respond to buy antibiotics and support greater cooperation in building capacity to prepare for and respond to cipros and other public health challenges. States it is U.S. Policy to advocate and actively advance Taiwan’s meaningful participation in the World Health Assembly, among other bodies.

Requires report on the origins of the buy antibiotics cipro to be submitted by the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Secretary of State, HHS Secretary, and others, not later than 180 days after enactment. Requires strategies that describe how the U.S. Will enhance cooperation with Canada, the European Union, NATO, and European partner countries in managing relations with China, including detailing diplomatic efforts to work with them to track and counter Chinese attempts to exert influence across the multilateral system, including at WHO.

Requires a strategy for countering and limiting Chinese influence in, and access to, the Middle East and North Africa, including efforts to encourage U.S. Private sector and public-private partnerships in healthcare technology, among other things. States it is U.S.

Policy to work with Australia, New Zealand, and Japan to advance shared alliance goals of the Oceania region concerning health, among other things, and to improve the local capacity of the countries of Oceania to address public health challenges and improve global health security. Address the imposition of sanctions with respect to systematic rape, coercive abortion, forced sterilization, or involuntary contraceptive implantation in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Addresses reporting related to debt relief via the International Development Association (IDA) for certain countries to respond to the buy antibiotics cipro.Support for Global Financial Institution cipro Response Act of 2021To support efforts by international financial institutions to provide a robust global response to the buy antibiotics–19 cipro.1/27/2021S.

67Sen. Richard Durbin (D-IL)Read twice and referred to SFRCbuy antibioticsDirects the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct U.S. Executive Directors at international financial institutions to ensure international financial institution support for a robust international response to the global buy antibiotics cipro, including to oppose the approval or endorsement of any loan, grant, document, or strategy that would lead to a decrease in health care spending or in any other spending that would impede the ability of any country to prevent or contain the spread of, or treat persons who are or may be infected with, the buy antibiotics cipro.Support UNFPA Funding ActTo authorize contributions to the United Nations Population Fund, and for other purposes.6/16/2021H.R.

3938Rep. Chrissy Houlahan (D-PA-6)Referred to HFACUNFPA, family planning/reproductive health (FP/RH)Includes statement of U.S. Policy regarding financial support for UNFPA as a crucial part of U.S.

Global health commitment. Authorizes appropriations for five years for an annual contribution to UNFPA to support core functions and programs.To amend the National Security Act of 1947 to require the President to designate an employee of the National Security Council to be responsible for cipro prevention and response, and for other purposes.2/8/2021S. 290Sen.

Edward Markey (D-MA)Read twice and referred to HSGACciproRequires the President to designate an employee of the National Security Council to be the permanent coordinator for cipro prevention and response for the federal government, outlines duties, and grants them authority to represent the U.S. In bilateral and multilateral discussions and agreements on relevant matters.To direct the Secretary of State to develop a strategy to regain observer status for Taiwan in the World Health Organization, and for other purposes.2/18/2021H.R. 1145Rep.

Young Kim (R-CA-39)Passed HFAC (Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by Voice Vote)WHO, TaiwanDirects the Department of State to include additional information in its annual reports concerning Taiwan’s participation at WHO’s World Health Assembly as an observer.To direct the Secretary of State to develop a strategy to regain observer status for Taiwan in the World Health Organization, and for other purposes.3/17/2021S. 812Sen. Robert Menendez (D-NJ)Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar Under General OrdersWHO, TaiwanDirects the Department of State to include additional information in its annual reports concerning Taiwan’s participation at WHO’s World Health Assembly as an observer.To prohibit the use of funds to seek membership in the World Health Organization or to provide assessed or voluntary contributions to the World Health Organization.1/28/2021H.R.

497Rep. Jodey Arrington (R-TX-19)Referred to HFACWHOProhibits the use of federal funds to seek membership by the U.S. In WHO or to provide assessed or voluntary U.S.

Contributions to WHO until such time as the President certifies that WHO meets certain conditions, including. WHO has adopted meaningful reforms to ensure that humanitarian assistance is not politicized and is to be provided to those with the most need, WHO is not under the control or significant malign influence of the Chinese Communist party, WHO is not involved in a coverup of the Chinese Communist Party’s response to the buy antibiotics cipro, WHO grants observer status to Taiwan, WHO does not divert humanitarian or medical supplies to Iran, North Korea, or Syria, and WHO has put in place mechanisms to increase transparency and accountability in its operations and eliminate waste, fraud, and abuse.United States Climate Leadership in International Mitigation, Adaptation, and Technology Enhancement Act of 2021(U.S. CLIMATE Act) To restore the United States international leadership on climate change and clean energy, and for other purposes.

4/19/2021S. 1201Sen. Robert Menendez (D-NJ)Read twice and referred to SFRCClimate change, global healthRequires the Secretary of State, in consultation with other relevant agencies, to conduct biennial comprehensive evaluations of present and ongoing disruptions to the global climate system, including the scarcity of global natural resources including fresh water, global food, health, and energy insecurities and conditions that contribute to gender-based violence, among other things.

Requires these evaluations to be used by the Secretary of State to inform the development and implementation of a climate security strategy, and to develop and implement plans to account for the impacts of climate change on global human health, fresh water, and marginalized groups. States U.S. Policy is to ensure that the International Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation, and Security Program (required to be established under the act by the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Administrator of USAID) provide resources to developing countries to support efforts that reduce the vulnerability and increase the resilience capacities of communities to the effects of climate change, including effects on water availability and health and diseases.

Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to use the influence of the U.S. To ensure that the Green Climate Fund requires country recipients to submit investment plan that describes how adaptation projects will advance public health outcomes, among other things. Incorporates the Women and Climate Change Act.Uyghur Stop Oppressive Sterilizations Act(Uyghur SOS Act) To address state-sanctioned violence against women in the People’s Republic of China, including rape and torture in detention and forced sterilizations, forced abortions, and other coercive birth restriction policies, particularly in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and for other purposes.5/18/2021H.R.

3306Rep. Vicky HartzlerReferred to HFAC and H. JudiciaryForced sterilization, abortionStates U.S.

Policy is to regard the prevention of genocide and other atrocity crimes as a national interest particularly when those actions target certain groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region through, among other things, forced sterilizations, forced abortions and other coercive birth restrictions policies, and sexual violence and other torture in detention, to raise the issue of state-sanctioned violence against women, including rape, torture, and coercively enforced population control policies in China in all multilateral organizations where the U.S. And China are members, including at the U.N. Security Council, and to consider state-sanctioned violence against women, including forced sterilizations and forced abortions and the systematic use of rape and torture in mass internment camps in the Region as a gross violation of internationally-recognized human rights.

Expresses the Sense of Congress that all governments, including the U.S., and international organizations, such as the U.N., should call the atrocities perpetuated by the government of China, including forced sterilizations and forced abortions and other sexual violence, as genocide and crimes against humanity and that the U.S. Should strongly condemn the intimidation and threats targeting Uyghur and Kazakh women who provide public evidence of sexual violence and forced sterilizations and forced abortions in mass internment camps and the journalist who report these stories. Also expresses Sense of Congress that U.N.

Member states should condemn such atrocities by demanding that China end all forced sterilization, forced abortions, and other state-sanctioned violence against women, among other things. Requires the president to submit a strategy for ending atrocity crimes in the Region. Requires the Secretary of State to provide all appropriate assistance to women who belong to certain groups and who experienced sexual violence, torture, forced sterilizations and forced abortions in China in order for them to receive needed medical care and psychological support.

Requires all existing authorities to be used to allow such women to at least temporarily enter the U.S.Women and Climate Change Act of 2021To address the disparate impact of climate change on women and support the efforts of women globally to address climate change, and for other purposes.1/11/2021H.R. 260Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA-13)Referred to HFAC, H.

Energy &. CommerceClimate change, global health, reproductive healthAddresses climate change and its effects on women and girls. Establishes the Federal Interagency Working Group on Women and Climate Change within the Department of State and outlines its functions, such as identifying best practices for collecting data on the disparate impact of climate change on women – including in access to comprehensive health care, including reproductive health and rights.

Requires the Department of State’s Office of Global Women’s Issues (GWI) to submit a strategy (and shortly thereafter an implementation plan and budget) to prevent and respond to the effects of climate change on women, including effective action to promote public health. Requires the Ambassador-at-Large of GWI to designate a Senior Coordinator for Women and Climate Change. Requires the GWI Ambassador and the Senior Coordinator to submit to the appropriate congressional committees an assessment of the human and financial resources necessary to carry out the Act.World Health Organization Accountability ActTo prohibit the availability of United States contributions to the World Health Organization until Congress receives a full report on China and the buy antibiotics–19 cipro, and for other purposes.1/21/2021H.R.

374Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO-3)Referred to HFACWHO, buy antibioticsProhibits the use of federal funds for U.S. Contributions to WHO or U.S.

Participation in any of the activities of WHO until the Secretary of State and HHS Secretary jointly submit a report to Congress describing the manner and extent to which the handling of the buy antibiotics outbreak prior to March 11, 2020, by WHO and China contributed to the emergency of the cipro.NOTES. SFRC means Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. HFAC means the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Means Senate. SFOPS means Department of State, foreign operations, and related programs. LGBTI means lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or intersex.

WHO is the World Health Organization. ASEAN is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. * Other than those that apply to U.S.

NGOs receiving certain foreign aid under the Foreign Assistance Act..

About This TrackerThis tracker provides the number of confirmed cases and deaths from novel antibiotics by country, the trend in confirmed case and death counts by cipro hc discount country, and a global map showing which http://www.tpsmedical.co.uk/betting-on-the-slots/ countries have confirmed cases and deaths. The data are drawn from the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) antibiotics Resource Center’s buy antibiotics Map and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) antibiotics Disease (buy antibiotics-2019) situation reports.This tracker will be updated regularly, as new data are released.Related Content. About buy antibiotics antibioticsIn late 2019, cipro hc discount a new antibiotics emerged in central China to cause disease in humans.

Cases of this disease, known as buy antibiotics, have since been reported across around the globe. On January cipro hc discount 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the cipro represents a public health emergency of international concern, and on January 31, 2020, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services declared it to be a health emergency for the United States.Global Health Legislation During the 117th Congress(as of Aug.

2, 2021)TitleDate IntroducedBill #SponsorStatusTopicSummary of Global Health-Related ProvisionsAbortion is Health Care Everywhere Act of 2021To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the use of funds for comprehensive reproductive health care services, and for other purposes.3/9/2021H.R. 1670Rep. Janice Schakowsky (D-IL-9)Referred to HFACAbortion, Helms amendmentIncludes statement of U.S.

Policy regarding safe abortion and working to end unsafe abortion. Repeals the Helms Amendment (which prohibits the use of foreign assistance to pay for the performance of abortion as a method of family planning or to motivate or coerce any person to practice abortion). States that notwithstanding any other provision of law, certain funds may be used to provide comprehensive reproductive health care services, including abortion services, training, and equipment.Advancing Emergency Preparedness Through One Health Act of 2021To establish an interagency One Health Program, and for other purposes.3/18/2021S.

861Sen. Tina Smith (D-MN)Read twice and referred to S. HELPOne Health, global health securityRequires the heads of HHS, USDA, USAID, DoD, and certain other agencies to develop, publish, and submit to Congress a national One Health Framework for coordinated federal activities under the One Health Program not later than one year after enactment.

Among other things, states the framework must describe existing efforts and contain recommendations for building upon and complementing the activities of the CDC, the FDA, USAID, NIH, and certain others and also establish specific federal goals and priorities and describe specific activities required to achieve these. Requires the submission of an addendum to the framework not later than three years after its original submission, describing progress in advancing these activities. Authorizes to be appropriated such sums as necessary to develop the framework above.

Requires GAO to submit a report to Congress not later than two years after the addendum is submitted, detailing existing collaborative efforts among certain agencies for this purpose and containing an evaluation of the framework and its specified activities.American Medical Investment Generating Overseas Security Act(AMIGOS Act)To prohibit the President from taking any action to support the waiver of obligations of members of the World Trade Organization under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in relation to the prevention, containment, mitigation, or treatment of buy antibiotics–19 unless a statute is enacted expressly authorizing such a waiver with respect to the prevention, containment, mitigation, or treatment of buy antibiotics–19, and for other purposes.5/14/2021H.R. 3236Maria Elvira Salazar (R-FL-27)Referred to HFAC and H. Ways and MeansTRIPS, WTO, intellectual property rights, buy antibiotics treatmentsStates the President may not take any action to support waiver of obligations of WRO members under the TRIPS agreement in relation to the prevention, containment, mitigation, or treatment of buy antibiotics unless a statute is enacted expressly authorizing such a waiver with respect to such.

Requires the President to allocate excess U.S. buy antibiotics treatments in a specified order of priority, with certain exceptions, and to monitor the allocation of such to ensure assisted governments provide treatments to their peoples in a timely manner and do not otherwise withhold them. Requires such treatments provided to foreign countries to be marked as assistance from the American people or the U.S.

Government and to include a depiction of the flag of the U.S. If appropriate.American Rescue Plan Act of 2021To provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of S. Con.

John Yarmuth (D-KY-3)Became law (P.L. 117-2)buy antibiotics, Global FundSee KFF summary.American Values ActTo permanently enact certain appropriations Act restrictions on the use of funds for abortions and involuntary sterilizations, and for other purposes.2/4/2021S. 239Sen.

James Risch (R-ID)Read twice and referred to SFRCAbortion, involuntary sterilization amendment, Siljander amendment, Kemp-Kasten amendment, Peace Corps provision, Helms amendment, Biden amendmentAmends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to codify in permanent law the Siljander amendment, which prohibits the use of funds to lobby for or against abortion, and the Kemp-Kasten amendment, which prohibits funding any organization or program, as determined by the President, that supports or participates in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization. Restates the Helms amendment, the Involuntary Sterilization amendment (which prohibits the use of funds to pay for involuntary sterilizations as a method of family planning or to coerce or provide a financial incentive to anyone to undergo sterilization), and the Biden amendment (which states that funds may not be used for biomedical research related to methods of or the performance of abortion or involuntary sterilization as a means of family planning) that are already in permanent law. Also amends the Peace Corps Act to codify in permanent law the Peace Corps provision, which prohibits Peace Corps funding from paying for an abortion for a Peace Corps volunteer or trainee, except in cases where the life of the woman is endangered by pregnancy or in cases of rape or incest.

In the past these have been included only in annual State-Foreign Operations appropriations language. See also the KFF fact sheet on FP/RH statutory requirements and policies and the KFF explainer on UNFPA funding and Kemp-Kasten.Binational Health Strategies Act of 2021To amend the United States-Mexico Border Health Commission Act, with respect to preparedness for buy antibiotics–19 and other infectious diseases in the border region, and for other purposes.3/03/2021H.R. 1538Rep..

Veronica Escobar (D-TX-16)Referred to H. Energy and HFACMexicoAuthorizes and directs the President to seek to begin negotiations with Mexico to amend an existing agreement addressing infectious disease preparedness in the U.S.-Mexico Border Area, with respect to buy antibiotics and other infectious diseases, specifically requiring the U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission to submit a report on the border area’s response to buy antibiotics and requiring it to also develop and publicly publish a binational strategic plan that addresses how the area should strengthen its buy antibiotics response, sharing relevant health data, and how a buy antibiotics treatment should be disbursed throughout the area, among other things. Requires the Commission to publish what actions federal agencies in the U.S.

And Mexico will take to facilitate implementation of the strategic plan and then to submit a report on actions taken each year. Requires the Commission to develop and publish a plan to prepare and respond to infectious diseases (other than buy antibiotics) within the border area, to update the plan at least once every three years for as long as necessary, and to publish what actions federal agencies in the U.S. And Mexico will take to facilitate implementation of this plan, with a report on actions taken each year required to be submitted.BLUE Pacific ActTo establish a comprehensive, long-term United States strategy and policy for the Pacific Islands, and for other purposes.5/4/2021H.R.

2967Rep. Ed Case (D-HI-1)Referred to HFAC, H. Ways and Means, H.

Natural ResourcesPublic health capacity building, buy antibiotics, gender-based violenceStates U.S. Policy is to develop and commit to a comprehensive, multifaceted, and principled U.S. Policy in the Pacific Islands that, among other things, assists the Pacific Islands in preventing and containing the spread of the buy antibiotics cipro.

Requires the USAID Administrator, in coordination with the Secretary of States, to develop and implement a strategy to assist the Pacific Islands in improving public health outcomes and building public health capacity, including in response to the buy antibiotics cipro. Requires the strategy include programming to address maternal and child health, family planning and reproductive health, gender-based violence, food security and nutrition, NCDs, NTDs, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, STDs, and zoonotic and emerging infectious disease threats, clean water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), health system strengthening, and other activities. Requires a report not later than 180 days after enactment with strategy.

Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million for each FY22-FY26 to carry out these efforts. Requires the Secretary of State and USAID Administrator to develop and implement an initiative to encourage and support efforts by the Pacific Island to reduce and combat gender-based violence.Climate Change Health Protection and Promotion Act of 2021To direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to develop and implement a national strategic action plan and program to assist health professionals and systems in preparing for and responding to the public health effects of climate change, and for other purposes.5/17/2021H.R. 3271Rep.

Matt Cartwright (D-PA-8)Referred to H. Energy and CommerceClimate change, global healthDirects Secretary of HHS to publish a strategic action plan and establish a climate change and health program (at CDC, in collaboration with other agencies, as appropriate) to ensure the public health and health care systems are prepared for and can respond to the impacts of climate change on health in the U.S. And other nations.

Requires the action plan include an assessment of U.S. Capacity to address climate change including, among other things, providing technical assistance and support for preparedness and response plans for the health threats of climate change in developing countries, and developing or strengthening domestic and international disease surveillance systems and monitoring capacity to respond to health-related impacts of climate change. Describes priority health actions for the climate and health program, including with regard to global health aspects of climate change.

Requires periodic updates of action plan. Establishes science advisory board and its functions, including with regarding to international impacts of climate change on health. And directs HHS Secretary to have National Academies prepare reports on topic, with the first due in one year and then every 4 years thereafter.Climate Change Health Protection and Promotion Act of 2021To direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to develop and implement a national strategic action plan and program to assist health professionals and systems in preparing for and responding to the public health effects of climate change, and for other purposes.5/19/2021S.

1702Sen. Edward Markey (D-MA)Read twice and referred to S. HELPClimate change, global healthDirects Secretary of HHS to publish a strategic action plan and establish a climate change and health program (at CDC, in collaboration with other agencies, as appropriate) to ensure the public health and health care systems are prepared for and can respond to the impacts of climate change on health in the U.S.

And other nations. Requires the action plan include an assessment of U.S. Capacity to address climate change including, among other things, providing technical assistance and support for preparedness and response plans for the health threats of climate change in developing countries, and developing or strengthening domestic and international disease surveillance systems and monitoring capacity to respond to health-related impacts of climate change.

Describes priority health actions for the climate and health program, including with regard to global health aspects of climate change. Requires periodic updates of action plan. Establishes science advisory board and its functions, including with regarding to international impacts of climate change on health.

And directs HHS Secretary to have National Academies prepare reports on topic, with the first due in one year and then every 4 years thereafter.Curbing China’s treatment Diplomacy ActTo prioritize the international distribution of buy antibiotics treatment doses, and for other purposes.7/6/2021H.R.4362Rep. Carlos Gimenez (R-FL-26)Referred to HFACbuy antibiotics, treatmentsRequires the Secretary of States to prioritize, in carrying out the international distribution of buy antibiotics treatment doses, distribution to Taiwan and crucial Latin American allies, subject first to Administration certification to Congress that it has determined all Americans have been afforded ample opportunity to be fully vaccinated against buy antibiotics. Requires the Secretary to ensure that not less than 25% of the total number of buy antibiotics treatment doses intended for international distribution are reserved for and distributed to Taiwan and crucial Latin American allies and states the Secretary may not distribute any doses to other recipients or countries until the above have each received at least a first shipment of their reserved doses.

States the Secretary may not distribute buy antibiotics treatment doses to any country which has a government that has been determined to have engaged in systemic or widespread human rights abuses. Terminates five days after the date on which the Secretary determines the above have each achieved 40% vaccination rates of their respective populations.Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2022(State/Foreign Ops – SFOPS Approps)Making appropriations for the Department of State, foreign operations, and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022, and for other purposes.7/6/2021H.R. 4373Rep.

Barbara Lee (D-CA-13)Passed House, received in the SenateAppropriationsSee KFF summary. Includes the text of the Global Health, Empowerment, and Rights (Global HER) Act (H.R. 556), which codifies prohibition of the expanded Mexico City policy (rescinded by President Biden in Jan.

2021, see KFF explainer). Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022(Labor/HHS – LHHS Approps)Making appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022, and for other purposes.7/19/2021H.R. 4502Rep.

Rosa DeLauro (D-CT-3)Passed HouseAppropriationsSee KFF summary.Global Autism ActTo establish a Global Autism Assistance Program.6/24/2021H.R. 4160Rep. Christopher Smith (R-NJ-4)Referred to HFACAutismEstablishes a health and education grant program known as the Global Autism Assistance Program at USAID to support activities focused on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in developing countries and to establish a program, known as Train the Trainers, to train health and education professionals working with children with ASD in developing countries.

Outlines designation of eligible regions and selection of implementing NGO and activities it may carry out with the grant. Requires the implementing NGO to establish a Project Advisory Board to review local applications for content and appropriateness. To carry out this program, requires the USAID Administrator to allocate amounts that have been appropriated or otherwise made available to USAID.

Requires an annual report on activities.Global Health, Empowerment and Rights Act(Global HER Act) To prohibit the application of certain restrictive eligibility requirements to foreign nongovernmental organizations with respect to the provision of assistance under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.1/28/2021H.R. 556Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA-13)Referred to HFACAbortion, Mexico City policyCodifies prohibition of the expanded Mexico City policy (rescinded by President Biden in Jan.

2021, see KFF explainer). States that notwithstanding any provision of law, regulation, or policy, foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) shall not be ineligible for certain foreign aid under the Foreign Assistance Act solely on the basis of health or medical services provided with non-U.S. Funds (insofar as legal in country where provided and under U.S.

Law) and shall not be subject to requirements relating to their use of non-U.S. Funds for advocacy and lobbying activities.*Global Health, Empowerment and Rights Act(Global HER Act) To prohibit the application of certain restrictive eligibility requirements to foreign nongovernmental organizations with respect to the provision of assistance under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.1/28/2021S. 142Sen.

Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)Read twice and referred to SFRCAbortion, Mexico City policyCodifies prohibition of the expanded Mexico City policy (rescinded by President Biden in Jan. 2021, see KFF explainer). States that notwithstanding any provision of law, regulation, or policy, foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) shall not be ineligible for certain foreign aid under the Foreign Assistance Act solely on the basis of health or medical services provided with non-U.S.

Funds (insofar as legal in country where provided and under U.S. Law) and shall not be subject to requirements relating to their use of non-U.S. Funds for advocacy and lobbying activities.*Global Health Security Act of 2021To authorize a comprehensive, strategic approach for United States foreign assistance to developing countries to strengthen global health security, and for other purposes.1/21/2021H.R.

391Rep. Gerald Connolly (D-VA-11)Passed House, read twice and referred to SFRCGlobal health security, global health emergenciesStates it is U.S. Policy to promote and invest in global health security and cipro preparedness as a core national security interest.

Establishes a Global Health Security Agenda Interagency Review Council, designates members, responsibilities, and frequency of meetings. Designates a U.S. Coordinator for Global Health Security responsible for coordination of the interagency process for responding to global health security emergencies.

Express Sense of Congress that the President should consider appointing an individual with significant background and expertise in public health or emergency response management to such position. Requires a U.S. Global health security strategy, its implementation (including agency-specific plans), and an annual report on status of implementation.

Directs the Secretary of State, Treasury Secretary, USAID Administrator, and HHS Secretary, among others, to seek to enter into negotiations with donors, relevant U.N. Agencies (including WHO), and other stakeholders to establish a fund for global health security and cipro preparedness as a multilateral, catalytic financing mechanism. Describes Fund’s Advisory Board, purpose, Executive Board and its makeup and duties.

Creates a Coordinator of U.S. Government activities to advance global health security, who shall be appointed by the President to represent the U.S. On the Executive Board.

Outlines eligible partner country definition and Fund program objectives, supported activities, administration, including appointment of an Administrator appointed by the Executive Board, and transparency and accountability requirements. Requires reports to Congress on the Fund including a 6 month status report and then annual reports after the Fund’s establishment. And authorizes U.S.

Contributions to the Fund with a limit that the U.S. Share not exceed 33% of total contributions to the Fund cumulatively.Global Malnutrition Prevention and Treatment Act of 2021To advance targeted and evidence-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of global malnutrition and to improve the coordination of such programs, and for other purposes.07/26/2021H.R. 4693Rep.

Michael McCaul (R-TX-10)Passed HFAC (Ordered to be Reported by Voice Vote)MalnutritionAuthorizes the USAID Administrator to support efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition globally, including by targeting resources and nutrition interventions to support the most vulnerable populations susceptible to severe malnutrition, including children under the age of 5 and pregnant and lactating women. Directs the Administrator and others to coordinate with bilateral and multilateral donors, governments of partner countries, U.N. Agencies, and others to prevent and treat malnutrition globally.

Requires the Administrator and others to seek to leverage additional resources to this end by increasing interagency cooperation among relevant departments and agencies represented in the Global Nutrition Coordination Plan. Requires the selection of priority countries and outlines criteria. Express Sense of Congress that efforts to undertake nutrition interventions in countries not selected as priority countries should continue.

Authorizes the establishment of the Nutrition Leadership Council within USAID and outlines its duties and membership. Requires the development of an implementation plan. Requires an annual progress report for five years.Global cipro Prevention and Biosecurity ActTo establish a global zoonotic disease task force, and for other purposes.

5/20/2021H.R. 3424Rep. Grace Meng (D-NY-6)Referred to HFACcipro, zoonotic diseases, One Health, global health security, biosecurityRequires the Secretary of State and USAID Administrator to work with certain relevant agency heads to coordinate, work with, and engage governments, multilateral entities, and certain others to prevent zoonotic spillover events through various actions such as addressing the commercial trade in wildlife, strengthening global capacity for detection of zoonotic diseases with cipro potential, and supporting the development of One Health systems at the community level.

Establishes the global zoonotic disease task force and outlines its membership and their terms, duties (including developing and publishing a plan for global biosecurity and zoonotic disease prevention and response and expanding the scope of the global health security strategy to more robustly support the prevention of zoonotic spillover and to respond to zoonotic disease investigations and outbreaks by establishing a 10 year strategy), required reports from agencies to the task force as well as from the task force to Congress, and its termination date 7 years after the date of enactment or a later date that is not later than two years after that.Global cipro Prevention and Biosecurity ActTo establish a global zoonotic disease task force, and for other purposes. 5/20/2021S.1737Sen. Chris Coons (D-DE)Read twice and referred to SFRCcipro, zoonotic diseases, One Health, global health security,biosecurityRequires the Secretary of State and USAID Administrator to work with certain relevant agency heads to coordinate, work with, and engage governments, multilateral entities, and certain others to prevent zoonotic spillover events through various actions such as addressing the commercial trade in wildlife, strengthening global capacity for detection of zoonotic diseases with cipro potential, and supporting the development of One Health systems at the community level.

Establishes the global zoonotic disease task force and outlines its membership and their terms, duties (including developing and publishing a plan for global biosecurity and zoonotic disease prevention and response and expanding the scope of the global health security strategy to more robustly support the prevention of zoonotic spillover and to respond to zoonotic disease investigations and outbreaks by establishing a 10 year strategy), required reports from agencies to the task force as well as from the task force to Congress, and its termination date 7 years after the date of enactment or a later date that is not later than two years after that.Greater Leadership Overseas for the Benefit of Equality Act of 2021(GLOBE Act of 2021)To protect human rights and enhance opportunities for LGBTQI people around the world, and for other purposes. 6/9/2021S. 1996Sen.

Edward Markey (D-MA)Read twice and referred to SFRCLGBTQI health, HIV, Mexico City policyRequires equal access of all elements of the population to programs funded by U.S. Assistance, including global health programs.Also requires PEPFAR to. Be implemented in a way that equitably serves LGBTQI people, submit a report to Congress describing international prosecutions for sex work or consensual sexual activity based on commodities provided by PEPFAR or other U.S.

Support, and submit a report to Congress on HIV/AIDS-related index testing. Requires GAO to submit a report to Congress that describes the impact of the implementation and enforcement of any iteration of the Mexico City Policy on the global LGBTQI community. And expresses Sense of Congress regarding the U.S.

Engaging international organizations in efforts to eliminate LGBTQI discrimination.Greater Leadership Overseas for the Benefit of Equality Act of 2021(GLOBE Act of 2021)To protect human rights and enhance opportunities for LGBTQI people around the world, and for other purposes. 6/8/2021H.R. 3800Rep.

Dina Titus (D-NV-1)Referred to HFAC, H. JudiciaryLGBTQI health, HIV, Mexico City policyRequires equal access of all elements of the population to programs funded by U.S. Assistance, including global health programs.Also requires PEPFAR to.

Be implemented in a way that equitably serves LGBTQI people, submit a report to Congress describing international prosecutions for sex work or consensual sexual activity based on commodities provided by PEPFAR or other U.S. Support, and submit a report to Congress on HIV/AIDS-related index testing. Requires GAO to submit a report to Congress that describes the impact of the implementation and enforcement of any iteration of the Mexico City Policy on the global LGBTQI community.

Expresses Sense of Congress regarding the U.S. Engaging international organizations in efforts to eliminate LGBTQI discrimination. And repeals the Mexico City policy by removing certain limitations on eligibility for foreign assistance.Honoring OCEANIA ActTo strengthen United States engagement in the Oceania region and enhance the security and resilience of allies and partners of the Oceania community, and for other purposes.5/20/2021H.R.

3373Rep. Ami Bera (D-CA-7)Referred to HFAC, H. Veterans’ Affairs, H.

Natural Resources, H. Armed Services, H. Financial Services, H.

Judiciary, H. Transportation and Infrastructure, H. Homeland SecurityPublic health capacity building, global health securityStates it is U.S.

Policy to, among other things, improve the local capacity of the countries of Oceania to address public health challenges and improve global health security. Requires the Secretary of State, in consultation with the HHS Secretary, to establish a program to support building public health capacity and improving access to care and local health outcomes in Oceania related to maternal and child health, STDs, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, NTDs, NCDs, gender-based violence, substance use disorder, mortality due to epidemics, disasters, and the impacts from severe weather and environmental change, and other health issues. Requires a report on these efforts annually.

Authorizes to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the program. Requires amounts appropriated or made available to remain available under expended.Honoring OCEANIA ActTo strengthen United States engagement in the Oceania region and enhance the security and resilience of allies and partners of the Oceania community, and for other purposes.5/20/2021S. 1774Sen.

Brian Schatz (D-HI)Read twice and referred to SFRCPublic health capacity building, global health securityStates it is U.S. Policy to, among other things, improve the local capacity of the countries of Oceania to address public health challenges and improve global health security. Requires the Secretary of State, in consultation with the HHS Secretary, to establish a program to support building public health capacity and improving access to care and local health outcomes in Oceania related to maternal and child health, STDs, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, NTDs, NCDs, gender-based violence, substance use disorder, mortality due to epidemics, disasters, and the impacts from severe weather and environmental change, and other health issues.

Requires a report on these efforts annually. Authorizes to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the program. Requires amounts appropriated or made available to remain available under expended.International Human Rights Defense Act of 2021To establish in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the Department of State a Special Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTI Peoples, and for other purposes.2/22/2021H.R.

1201Rep. Alan Lowenthal (D-CA-47)Referred to HFACLGBTI health, HIVIncludes statement of U.S. Policy regarding LGBTI issues globally, including employing a multisectoral approach to preventing and responding to criminalization, discrimination, and violence against LGBTI people internationally, including activities in the health sector.

Authorizes the provision of U.S. Assistance to prevent and respond to these issues internationally, including enhancement of health sector capacity related to violence against LGBTI people and communities and to combat HIV.International Human Rights Defense Act of 2021To establish in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the Department of State a Special Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTI Peoples, and for other purposes.2/24/2021S. 424Sen.

Edward Markey (D-MA)Read twice and referred to SFRCLGBTI health, HIVIncludes statement of U.S. Policy regarding LGBTI issues globally, including employing a multisectoral approach to preventing and responding to criminalization, discrimination, and violence against LGBTI people internationally, including activities in the health sector. Authorizes the provision of U.S.

Assistance to prevent and respond to these issues internationally, including enhancement of health sector capacity related to violence against LGBTI people and communities and to combat HIV.International cipro Preparedness and buy antibiotics Response Act of 2021To improve global health, and for other purposes.6/24/2021S. 2297Sen. James Risch (R-ID)Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orderscipro preparedness, buy antibiotics, treatments, WHO, health systems strengthening, CEPI, global health security, Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and malariaRequires a report describing certain foreign assistance obligated/expended under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 and a plan for certain remaining funds.

Requires development of a strategy to expand access to, and accelerate the global distribution of, buy antibiotics treatments to other countries. Requires a report that assesses the global humanitarian response to buy antibiotics and outlines specific elements of the U.S. Government’s country-level response to the buy antibiotics cipro.

In the event of an infectious disease outbreak outside the U.S. With cipro potential, states the President should designate the Department of State to serve as the lead for diplomatic engagement and related foreign policy efforts, USAID to serve as the key lead agency for design and implementation of the U.S. International response, relief, and recovery assistance, and the CDC to serve as the public health lead for the international response such as building up (in coordination with USAID) emergency operation centers.

Allows certain foreign assistance funding to be used to support USAID disaster surge capacity. Requires a U.S. Global health security strategy and report.

Authorizes to be established a committee on global health security and cipro and biological threats within the National Security Council (NSC) led by the Special Advisor for Global Health Security of the NSC. Within the Department of State, establishes a Special Representative for U.S. International activities to advance global health security and diplomacy overseas, to be appointed by the President and report to the Secretary of State and to lead in developing a global cipro prevention, preparedness and response framework.

Authorizes the Representative to transfer and allocate certain U.S. Foreign assistance funding to the relevant departments and agencies implementing the U.S. Global health security strategy.

Authorizes to be appropriated $3 billion for the five-year period beginning Oct. 1, 2022, to support enhancing preparedness in partner countries, replenishing the USAID Emergency Reserve Fund, U.S. Contributions to the World Bank Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Multi-Donor Fund, and U.S.

Contributions to a new multilateral, catalytic financing mechanism for global health security and cipro prevention and preparedness (see “the Fund” below). Requires U.S. Global health program leadership identify areas of collaboration and coordination to ensure that such activities contribute to health systems strengthening.

Directs the Secretary of State, with the USAID Administrator, to work with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Gavi, the treatment Alliance, bilateral donors, and others to develop shared core indicators for strengthened health systems. Authorizes the U.S. To participate in the important source Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).

Expresses Sense of Congress that the President should make an immediate contribution to CEPI of $300 million to expand research and development of treatments to combat the spread of buy antibiotics variants. Requires an annual National Intelligence Estimate (for five years) regarding the risks posed to the national security interests of the U.S. By the emergence, reemergence, and overseas transmission of pathogens with cipro potential.

Requires the Secretary of State and others to work with WHO and other key stakeholders to establish or strengthen effective early warning systems for infectious disease threats with epidemic and cipro potential. Directs the Secretary of State, with the HHS Secretary, to work with WHO and like-minded member states to adopt an approach toward assessing infectious disease threats under the International Health Regulations (2005) for the WHO to identify and transparently communicate on an ongoing basis varying levels of risk leading up to, and during and after, a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) declaration. Directs the Secretary of State and others to seek to enter into negotiations to establish “the Fund;” authorizes the President to make available for U.S.

Contributions to the Fund such funds as may be appropriated or otherwise made available for such purpose. Limits the U.S. Contribution to the Fund to not exceed 33% of the total contributions from all sources.Mental Health in International Development and Humanitarian Settings Act(MINDS Act)To enhance mental health and psychosocial support within United States foreign assistance programs.6/17/2021H.R.

3988Rep. Theodore Deutch (D-FL-22)Referred to HFACMental health, children in adversity, buy antibioticsExpresses Sense of Congress that mental health is integral and essential to overall health outcomes and other development objectives. Codifies the position of USAID coordinator for mental health and psychosocial support and describes the position’s duties, including establishing a Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Working Group.

Describes the Group’s duties and members. States U.S. Policy is to integrate mental health and psychosocial support across all foreign assistance programs funded by the U.S..

Requires USAID and the Department of State regional bureaus and missions to utilize such policy for local capacity building, as appropriate and that such programming be evidence-based and culturally competent and respond to the specific needs of children in adversity. Requires USAID to brief Congress on progress and challenges to implementation, including programming in conflict and humanitarian settings, as well as the impact of buy antibiotics on programming. Requires the USAID Administrator in consultation with the OMB Director to brief Congress annually for five years (FY22 – FY26) on spending for this programming in U.S.

Foreign assistance.Mental Health in International Development and Humanitarian Settings Act(MINDS Act)To enhance mental health and psychosocial support within United States foreign assistance programs.6/17/2021S. 2105Sen. Robert Casey (D-PA)Read twice and referred to SFRCMental health, children in adversity, buy antibioticsExpresses Sense of Congress that mental health is integral and essential to overall health outcomes and other development objectives.

Codifies the position of USAID coordinator for mental health and psychosocial support and describes the position’s duties, including establishing a Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Working Group. Describes the Group’s duties and members. States U.S.

Policy is to integrate mental health and psychosocial support across all foreign assistance programs funded by the U.S.. Requires USAID and the Department of State regional bureaus and missions to utilize such policy for local capacity building, as appropriate and that such programming be evidence-based and culturally competent and respond to the specific needs of children in adversity. Requires USAID to brief Congress on progress and challenges to implementation, including programming in conflict and humanitarian settings, as well as the impact of buy antibiotics on programming.

Requires the USAID Administrator in consultation with the OMB Director to brief Congress annually for five years (FY22 – FY26) on spending for this programming in U.S. Foreign assistance.Nullifying Opportunities for Variants to Infect and Decimate Act(NOVID Act)To establish a program to oversee the global buy antibiotics response and prepare for future cipros, and for other purposes.6/8/2021H.R. 3778Rep.

Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL-8)Referred to HFAC and H. Energy and Commercebuy antibiotics, global health security, cipro preparedness and responseEstablishes the cipro preparedness and response program to be responsible for and provide oversight over the U.S. Global health response to the buy antibiotics cipro and protect Americans from the emergence of buy antibiotics variants and other pathogens with cipro potential.

Require President to appoint program director who will coordinate the work of identified agencies, including USAID, CDC, and the Department of State, among others. Requires development of a comprehensive strategy to end the buy antibiotics cipro worldwide as well as a long-term strategy for preventing future cipros. Authorizes to be appropriated $34 billion for these efforts, and expresses Sense of Congress that $25 billion be made available to scale treatment manufacturing capacity and produce treatments, $8.5 billion to cover the cost of end-to-end delivery and administration of treatments in target countries, and $500 million to establish a global disease surveillance network to protect against future cipros.

Describes implementation of comprehensive strategy, including requiring director to ensure immediate release of 80 million treatment doses that the U.S. Has already committed to send abroad and to reassess the U.S. treatment stockpile to determine whether further treatments can be sent abroad and to coordinate with BARDA to rapidly scale manufacturing capacity around the world to produce 8 billion treatment doses as soon as possible.

Also requires director to ensure equitable access to treatments in collaboration with COVAX and to work with international partners to provide enough treatments to lower- and middle-income countries to fully vaccinate at least 60% of their respective populations, especially 92 countries identified by COVAX as being most in need of assistance. Requires the program to, among other things, build on PEPFAR and other existing U.S. Programs and relationships bilaterally and multilaterally.

Express Sense of Congress that in the face of a global health emergency, the U.S. Government has broad authority, including under the Defense Production Act and the “Bayh-Dole Act”, to ensure adequate supply of treatments, necessary components, and raw materials through technology sharing and direct collaboration with manufacturers around the world.Nullifying Opportunities for Variants to Infect and Decimate Act(NOVID Act) To establish a program to oversee the global buy antibiotics response and prepare for future cipros, and for other purposes.6/8/2021S. 1976Sen.

Jeff Merkley (D-OR)Read twice and referred to SFRCbuy antibiotics, global health security, cipro preparedness and responseEstablishes the cipro preparedness and response program to be responsible for and provide oversight over the U.S. Global health response to the buy antibiotics cipro and protect Americans from the emergence of buy antibiotics variants and other pathogens with cipro potential. Require President to appoint program director who will coordinate the work of identified agencies, including USAID, CDC, and the Department of State, among others.

Requires development of a comprehensive strategy to end the buy antibiotics cipro worldwide as well as a long-term strategy for preventing future cipros. Authorizes to be appropriated $34 billion for these efforts, and expresses Sense of Congress that $25 billion be made available to scale treatment manufacturing capacity and produce treatments, $8.5 billion to cover the cost of end-to-end delivery and administration of treatments in target countries, and $500 million to establish a global disease surveillance network to protect against future cipros. Describes implementation of comprehensive strategy, including requiring director to ensure immediate release of 80 million treatment doses that the U.S.

Has already committed to send abroad and to reassess the U.S. treatment stockpile to determine whether further treatments can be sent abroad and to coordinate with BARDA to rapidly scale manufacturing capacity around the world to produce 8 billion treatment doses as soon as possible. Also requires director to ensure equitable access to treatments in collaboration with COVAX and to work with international partners to provide enough treatments to lower- and middle-income countries to fully vaccinate at least 60% of their respective populations, especially 92 countries identified by COVAX as being most in need of assistance.

Requires the program to, among other things, build on PEPFAR and other existing U.S. Programs and relationships bilaterally and multilaterally. Express Sense of Congress that in the face of a global health emergency, the U.S.

Government has broad authority, including under the Defense Production Act and the “Bayh-Dole Act”, to ensure adequate supply of treatments, necessary components, and raw materials through technology sharing and direct collaboration with manufacturers around the world.Preventing Foreign Attempts To Erode Healthcare Innovation ActTo prohibit the use of funds to support a measure at the World Trade Organization waiving intellectual property rights, and for other purposes.5/18/2021S. 1683Sen. Tim Scott (R-SC)Read twice and referred to S.

FinanceTRIPS, WTO, intellectual property rights, buy antibiotics treatmentsExpresses Sense of Congress that U.S. Should continue to promote strong international [sic] property rights internationally and that it is in the national interest of the U.S. To oppose efforts to transfer U.S.

Intellectual property and technology to China or other countries seeking to profit off U.S. Investments. Prohibits use of funds to support, allow, or facilitate the negotiation or approval of the TRIPS waiver for the prevention, containment, and treatment of buy antibiotics proposed by India and South Africa or any other measure at the WTO to waive intellectual property rights.Preventing Future cipros Act of 2021To address the public health risks posed by wildlife markets, and for other purposes.1/4/2021H.R.

151Rep. Mike Quigley (D-IL-5)Referred to HFAC, H. Energy and Commerce, H.

Judiciary, H. Ways and Means, H. Financial Services, H.

Natural ResourcesGlobal health security, One Health, zoonotic diseasesRequires the HHS Secretary to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for it to conduct a study on the risk of wildlife markets on the emergency of novel viral pathogens, to be submitted not later than one year after the date of agreement. Expresses Sense of Congress that global institutions, including WHO, and others including USAID should promote the paradigm of One Health. States U.S.

Policy is to facilitate international cooperation to close high risk wildlife markets around that world and to work to develop agreements and protocols to close these markets. Allows the President to impose sanctions on any country (or nationals of a country) continuing to license or enable commercial wildlife markets or engaged in certain activities. Authorizes FY 2021 – FY 2030 funding for USAID activities related to sustainable food systems.

Requires the USAID administrator to increase activities related to biodiversity, global health, and resilience, among other things, in order to address the threats and causes of zoonotic disease outbreaks.. Requires reporting from the Department of State and USAID describing these efforts.Preventing Future cipros Act of 2021To address the public health risks posed by wildlife markets, and for other purposes.1/25/2021S. 37Sen.

John Cornyn (R-TX)Read twice and referred to SFRCGlobal health security, One Health, zoonotic diseasesRequires the HHS Secretary to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for it to conduct a study on the risk of wildlife markets on the emergency of novel viral pathogens, to be submitted not later than one year after the date of agreement. Expresses Sense of Congress that global institutions, including WHO, and others including USAID should promote the paradigm of One Health. States U.S.

Policy is to facilitate international cooperation to close high risk wildlife markets around that world and to work to develop agreements and protocols to close these markets. Allows the President to impose sanctions on any country (or nationals of a country) continuing to license or enable commercial wildlife markets or engaged in certain activities. Authorizes FY 2021 – FY 2030 funding for USAID activities related to sustainable food systems.

Requires the USAID administrator to increase activities related to biodiversity, global health, and resilience, among other things, in order to address the threats and causes of zoonotic disease outbreaks.. Requires reporting from the Department of State and USAID describing these efforts.Protecting Life in Foreign Assistance ActTo restrict the availability of Federal funds to organizations associated with the abortion industry.1/28/2021H.R. 534Rep.

Virginia Foxx (R-NC-5)Referred to HFACAbortion, Mexico City policyCodifies the expanded Mexico City policy (rescinded by President Biden in Jan. 2021. See KFF explainer) and expands it to apply more broadly to federal funding made available for purposes outside of the U.S.

To 1) any foreign nonprofit organization, foreign nongovernmental organization, foreign multilateral organization, or foreign quasi-autonomous nongovernmental organization that carries out certain activities, and 2) any domestic nonprofit organization or domestic nongovernmental organization that carries out certain activities.Protecting Life in Foreign Assistance ActTo restrict the availability of Federal funds to organizations associated with the abortion industry.1/28/2021S. 137Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT)Read twice and referred to SFRCAbortion, Mexico City policyCodifies the expanded Mexico City policy (rescinded by President Biden in Jan.

2021. See KFF explainer) and expands it to apply more broadly to federal funding made available for purposes outside of the U.S. To 1) any foreign nonprofit organization, foreign nongovernmental organization, foreign multilateral organization, or foreign quasi-autonomous nongovernmental organization that carries out certain activities, and 2) any domestic nonprofit organization or domestic nongovernmental organization that carries out certain activities.Reach Every Mother and Child ActTo amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to implement policies to end preventable maternal, newborn, and child deaths globally.4/29/2021S.

1451Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME)Read twice and referred to SFRCMaternal health, child healthIncludes statement of U.S. Policy to establish and implement a coordinated, integrated, and comprehensive strategy to end preventable child and maternal deaths and ensure healthy and productive lives.

Requires the establishment and implementation of a five-year comprehensive strategy to contribute toward the global goal of ending preventable child and maternal deaths by 2030. States the President should designate a Child and Maternal Survival Coordinator and describes their duties. Requires an annual report on progress.Reproductive Rights are Human Rights Act of 2021To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to require a section on reproductive rights in the Annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices.5/28/2021H.R.

3576Rep. Katherine Clark (D-MA-5)Referred to HFACState Dept. Annual human rights report, family planning/reproductive health (FP/RH), maternal mortality, abortion, violence against womenAmends existing law to require annual reporting by the Department of State on human rights to include, among other things.

The status of reproductive rights in each country. Description of the rates and causes of pregnancy-related injuries and deaths (including deaths due to unsafe abortions), violence against women, and access to family planning. Requires that civil society and multilateral organizations’ representatives in the U.S.

And countries included in such reporting be consulted with during the preparation of annual reporting.Reproductive Rights are Human Rights Act of 2021To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to require a section on reproductive rights in the Annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices.5/26/2021S. 1864Sen. Robert Menendez (D-NJ)Read twice and referred to SFRCState Dept.

Annual human rights report, family planning/reproductive health (FP/RH), maternal mortality, abortion, violence against womenAmends existing law to require annual reporting by the Department of State on human rights to include, among other things. The status of reproductive rights in each country. Description of the rates and causes of pregnancy-related injuries and deaths (including deaths due to unsafe abortions), violence against women, and access to family planning.

Requires that civil society and multilateral organizations’ representatives in the U.S. And countries included in such reporting be consulted with during the preparation of annual reporting.Robust International Response to cipro ActTo provide support for a robust global response to the buy antibiotics cipro.2/11/2021H.R. 986Rep.

Jesus “Chuy” Garcia (D-IL-4)Referred to H. Financial Servicesbuy antibioticsDirects the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct U.S. Executive Directors at international financial institutions to ensure international financial institution support for a robust international response to the global buy antibiotics cipro, including to oppose the approval or endorsement of any loan, grant, document, or strategy that would lead to a decrease in health care spending or in any other spending that would impede the ability of any country to prevent or contain the spread of, or treat persons who are or may be infected with, the buy antibiotics cipro.Securing America From Epidemics Act(SAFE Act) To authorize United States participation in the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, and for other purposes.3/23/2021H.R.

2118Rep. Ami Bera (D-CA-7)Passed House, read twice and referred to SFRCResearch &. Development (R&D), global health security, cipro, epidemicAuthorizes U.S.

Participation in the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI). Reports to Congress required to be submitted by the President not later than 180 days after enactment of the Act and to outline planned U.S. Contributions to CEPI, the manner and extent to which the U.S.

Will participate in the governance of CEPI, and how participation in CEPI supports relevant U.S. Strategies and programs in health security and biodefense, among other things. Authorizes certain appropriated funding to be made available for U.S.

Contributions to CEPI.Strategic Competition Act of 2021To address issues involving the People’s Republic of China. 4/15/2021S. 1169Sen.

Robert Menendez (D-NJ)Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Ordersbuy antibiotics, health cooperation, WHO, global health security, abortion, forced sterilization, debt reliefExpresses sense of Congress that the U.S. Government should encourage other foreign governments to use the official and scientific names for the buy antibiotics cipro. States U.S.

Policy is to deepen cooperation between and among the U.S., Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Thailand, and Australia, including through scientific and health partnerships. Expresses sense of Congress that recent pledge from the first-ever Quad (Australia, India, Japan, U.S.) leaders meeting on March 12, 2021, to respond to the economic and health impacts of buy antibiotics, including expanding treatment production and equitable access, further advances cooperation among Quad nations. States it is U.S.

Policy to stand with the nations of ASEAN as they respond to buy antibiotics and support greater cooperation in building capacity to prepare for and respond to cipros and other public health challenges. States it is U.S. Policy to advocate and actively advance Taiwan’s meaningful participation in the World Health Assembly, among other bodies.

Requires report on the origins of the buy antibiotics cipro to be submitted by the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Secretary of State, HHS Secretary, and others, not later than 180 days after enactment. Requires strategies that describe how the U.S. Will enhance cooperation with Canada, the European Union, NATO, and European partner countries in managing relations with China, including detailing diplomatic efforts to work with them to track and counter Chinese attempts to exert influence across the multilateral system, including at WHO.

Requires a strategy for countering and limiting Chinese influence in, and access to, the Middle East and North Africa, including efforts to encourage U.S. Private sector and public-private partnerships in healthcare technology, among other things. States it is U.S.

Policy to work with Australia, New Zealand, and Japan to advance shared alliance goals of the Oceania region concerning health, among other things, and to improve the local capacity of the countries of Oceania to address public health challenges and improve global health security. Address the imposition of sanctions with respect to systematic rape, coercive abortion, forced sterilization, or involuntary contraceptive implantation in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Addresses reporting related to debt relief via the International Development Association (IDA) for certain countries to respond to the buy antibiotics cipro.Support for Global Financial Institution cipro Response Act of 2021To support efforts by international financial institutions to provide a robust global response to the buy antibiotics–19 cipro.1/27/2021S.

67Sen. Richard Durbin (D-IL)Read twice and referred to SFRCbuy antibioticsDirects the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct U.S. Executive Directors at international financial institutions to ensure international financial institution support for a robust international response to the global buy antibiotics cipro, including to oppose the approval or endorsement of any loan, grant, document, or strategy that would lead to a decrease in health care spending or in any other spending that would impede the ability of any country to prevent or contain the spread of, or treat persons who are or may be infected with, the buy antibiotics cipro.Support UNFPA Funding ActTo authorize contributions to the United Nations Population Fund, and for other purposes.6/16/2021H.R.

3938Rep. Chrissy Houlahan (D-PA-6)Referred to HFACUNFPA, family planning/reproductive health (FP/RH)Includes statement of U.S. Policy regarding financial support for UNFPA as a crucial part of U.S.

Global health commitment. Authorizes appropriations for five years for an annual contribution to UNFPA to support core functions and programs.To amend the National Security Act of 1947 to require the President to designate an employee of the National Security Council to be responsible for cipro prevention and response, and for other purposes.2/8/2021S. 290Sen.

Edward Markey (D-MA)Read twice and referred to HSGACciproRequires the President to designate an employee of the National Security Council to be the permanent coordinator for cipro prevention and response for the federal government, outlines duties, and grants them authority to represent the U.S. In bilateral and multilateral discussions and agreements on relevant matters.To direct the Secretary of State to develop a strategy to regain observer status for Taiwan in the World Health Organization, and for other purposes.2/18/2021H.R. 1145Rep.

Young Kim (R-CA-39)Passed HFAC (Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by Voice Vote)WHO, TaiwanDirects the Department of State to include additional information in its annual reports concerning Taiwan’s participation at WHO’s World Health Assembly as an observer.To direct the Secretary of State to develop a strategy to regain observer status for Taiwan in the World Health Organization, and for other purposes.3/17/2021S. 812Sen. Robert Menendez (D-NJ)Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar Under General OrdersWHO, TaiwanDirects the Department of State to include additional information in its annual reports concerning Taiwan’s participation at WHO’s World Health Assembly as an observer.To prohibit the use of funds to seek membership in the World Health Organization or to provide assessed or voluntary contributions to the World Health Organization.1/28/2021H.R.

497Rep. Jodey Arrington (R-TX-19)Referred to HFACWHOProhibits the use of federal funds to seek membership by the U.S. In WHO or to provide assessed or voluntary U.S.

Contributions to WHO until such time as the President certifies that WHO meets certain conditions, including. WHO has adopted meaningful reforms to ensure that humanitarian assistance is not politicized and is to be provided to those with the most need, WHO is not under the control or significant malign influence of the Chinese Communist party, WHO is not involved in a coverup of the Chinese Communist Party’s response to the buy antibiotics cipro, WHO grants observer status to Taiwan, WHO does not divert humanitarian or medical supplies to Iran, North Korea, or Syria, and WHO has put in place mechanisms to increase transparency and accountability in its operations and eliminate waste, fraud, and abuse.United States Climate Leadership in International Mitigation, Adaptation, and Technology Enhancement Act of 2021(U.S. CLIMATE Act) To restore the United States international leadership on climate change and clean energy, and for other purposes.

4/19/2021S. 1201Sen. Robert Menendez (D-NJ)Read twice and referred to SFRCClimate change, global healthRequires the Secretary of State, in consultation with other relevant agencies, to conduct biennial comprehensive evaluations of present and ongoing disruptions to the global climate system, including the scarcity of global natural resources including fresh water, global food, health, and energy insecurities and conditions that contribute to gender-based violence, among other things.

Requires these evaluations to be used by the Secretary of State to inform the development and implementation of a climate security strategy, and to develop and implement plans to account for the impacts of climate change on global human health, fresh water, and marginalized groups. States U.S. Policy is to ensure that the International Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation, and Security Program (required to be established under the act by the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Administrator of USAID) provide resources to developing countries to support efforts that reduce the vulnerability and increase the resilience capacities of communities to the effects of climate change, including effects on water availability and health and diseases.

Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to use the influence of the U.S. To ensure that the Green Climate Fund requires country recipients to submit investment plan that describes how adaptation projects will advance public health outcomes, among other things. Incorporates the Women and Climate Change Act.Uyghur Stop Oppressive Sterilizations Act(Uyghur SOS Act) To address state-sanctioned violence against women in the People’s Republic of China, including rape and torture in detention and forced sterilizations, forced abortions, and other coercive birth restriction policies, particularly in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and for other purposes.5/18/2021H.R.

3306Rep. Vicky HartzlerReferred to HFAC and H. JudiciaryForced sterilization, abortionStates U.S.

Policy is to regard the prevention of genocide and other atrocity crimes as a national interest particularly when those actions target certain groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region through, among other things, forced sterilizations, forced abortions and other coercive birth restrictions policies, and sexual violence and other torture in detention, to raise the issue of state-sanctioned violence against women, including rape, torture, and coercively enforced population control policies in China in all multilateral organizations where the U.S. And China are members, including at the U.N. Security Council, and to consider state-sanctioned violence against women, including forced sterilizations and forced abortions and the systematic use of rape and torture in mass internment camps in the Region as a gross violation of internationally-recognized human rights.

Expresses the Sense of Congress that all governments, including the U.S., and international organizations, such as the U.N., should call the atrocities perpetuated by the government of China, including forced sterilizations and forced abortions and other sexual violence, as genocide and crimes against humanity and that the U.S. Should strongly condemn the intimidation and threats targeting Uyghur and Kazakh women who provide public evidence of sexual violence and forced sterilizations and forced abortions in mass internment camps and the journalist who report these stories. Also expresses Sense of Congress that U.N.

Member states should condemn such atrocities by demanding that China end all forced sterilization, forced abortions, and other state-sanctioned violence against women, among other things. Requires the president to submit a strategy for ending atrocity crimes in the Region. Requires the Secretary of State to provide all appropriate assistance to women who belong to certain groups and who experienced sexual violence, torture, forced sterilizations and forced abortions in China in order for them to receive needed medical care and psychological support.

Requires all existing authorities to be used to allow such women to at least temporarily enter the U.S.Women and Climate Change Act of 2021To address the disparate impact of climate change on women and support the efforts of women globally to address climate change, and for other purposes.1/11/2021H.R. 260Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA-13)Referred to HFAC, H.

Energy &. CommerceClimate change, global health, reproductive healthAddresses climate change and its effects on women and girls. Establishes the Federal Interagency Working Group on Women and Climate Change within the Department of State and outlines its functions, such as identifying best practices for collecting data on the disparate impact of climate change on women – including in access to comprehensive health care, including reproductive health and rights.

Requires the Department of State’s Office of Global Women’s Issues (GWI) to submit a strategy (and shortly thereafter an implementation plan and budget) to prevent and respond to the effects of climate change on women, including effective action to promote public health. Requires the Ambassador-at-Large of GWI to designate a Senior Coordinator for Women and Climate Change. Requires the GWI Ambassador and the Senior Coordinator to submit to the appropriate congressional committees an assessment of the human and financial resources necessary to carry out the Act.World Health Organization Accountability ActTo prohibit the availability of United States contributions to the World Health Organization until Congress receives a full report on China and the buy antibiotics–19 cipro, and for other purposes.1/21/2021H.R.

374Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO-3)Referred to HFACWHO, buy antibioticsProhibits the use of federal funds for U.S. Contributions to WHO or U.S.

Participation in any of the activities of WHO until the Secretary of State and HHS Secretary jointly submit a report to Congress describing the manner and extent to which the handling of the buy antibiotics outbreak prior to March 11, 2020, by WHO and China contributed to the emergency of the cipro.NOTES. SFRC means Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. HFAC means the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Means Senate. SFOPS means Department of State, foreign operations, and related programs. LGBTI means lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or intersex.

WHO is the World Health Organization. ASEAN is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. * Other than those that apply to U.S.

NGOs receiving certain foreign aid under the Foreign Assistance Act..

What should my health care professional know before I take Cipro?

They need to know if you have any of these conditions:

Does cipro treat strep throat

To the does cipro treat strep throat his comment is here Editor. A second wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome antibiotics 2 does cipro treat strep throat (antibiotics) s in India is leading to the emergence of antibiotics variants. The B.1.617.1 (or kappa) and B.1.617.2 (or delta) variants were first identified in India and have rapidly spread to several countries throughout the does cipro treat strep throat world.

These variants contain mutations within the spike protein located in antigenic sites recognized by antibodies with potent neutralizing activity.1-3 We used serum samples obtained does cipro treat strep throat from infected and vaccinated persons to assess neutralizing activity against the antibiotics variants in a live-cipro assay. For the analyses, we used B.1.617.1 cipro that had been isolated from a mid-turbinate swab obtained from a patient in Stanford, California, in March 2021 (hCoV-19/USA/CA-Stanford-15_S02/2021) and B.1.617.2 cipro from a nasal swab that had been obtained from a patient in May 2021 does cipro treat strep throat (hCoV-19/USA/PHC658/2021). As compared does cipro treat strep throat with the WA1/2020 variant (nCoV/USA_WA1/2020.

Spike 614D), the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants contain mutations in key regions within the spike, including the N-terminal antigenic supersite,4 the receptor-binding domain, and does cipro treat strep throat the polybasic furin cleavage site (Tables S1 and S2 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org). We used an in vitro, live-cipro focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50 [the reciprocal dilution of serum that neutralizes 50% of the input cipro])5 on a Vero E6 cell line (engineered to express TMPRSS2) to compare the neutralizing-antibody responses against does cipro treat strep throat WA1/2020 in serum samples from 24 persons who had recovered from antibiotics disease 2019 (buy antibiotics) (obtained 31 to 91 days after symptom onset),1 from 15 persons who had received the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) treatment (obtained 35 to 51 days after the second dose), and from 10 persons who had received the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) treatment (obtained 7 to 27 days after the second dose). Figure 1 does cipro treat strep throat.

Figure 1 does cipro treat strep throat. Neutralizing-Antibody Responses against the WA1/2020, does cipro treat strep throat B.1.617.1, and B.1.617.2 Variants. Shown is the neutralizing activity against natural with severe acute respiratory syndrome antibiotics 2 among 24 samples from persons who had recovered from antibiotics disease 2019 (obtained 31 to 91 days after symptom onset) (Panel A), 15 samples from persons who had received the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) treatment (obtained 35 to 51 days after the second dose) (Panel does cipro treat strep throat B), and 10 samples from persons who had received the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) treatment (obtained 7 to 27 days after the second dose) (Panel C).

Two independent neutralization assays were performed does cipro treat strep throat. Activity against B.1.617.1 was compared with that against WA1/2020, and activity against does cipro treat strep throat B.1.617.2 was compared with that against WA1/2020. The focus does cipro treat strep throat reduction neutralization test (FRNT50 [the reciprocal dilution of serum that neutralizes 50% of the input cipro]) geometric mean titers for WA1/2020, B.1.617.1, and B.1.617.2 are shown in each panel.

The connecting lines does cipro treat strep throat between WA1/2020 and B.1.617.1 or WA1/2020 and B.1.617.2 represent matched serum samples. The horizontal dashed lines along the x axes indicate the limit of detection (FRNT50 does cipro treat strep throat geometric mean titer, 20). Normality of the data was determined with the does cipro treat strep throat use of the Shapiro–Wilk normality test.

Nonparametric pairwise does cipro treat strep throat analyses for neutralization titers were performed with the use of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test.All samples from infected and vaccinated persons showed less neutralizing activity against both the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants than against WA1/2020 (Figure 1). Among convalescent serum samples, the FRNT50 geometric mean titer (GMT) against B.1.617.1 was 79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 49 to 128), does cipro treat strep throat as compared with 514 (95% CI, 358 to 740) against WA1/2020 (five samples had undetectable activity against the B.1.617.1 variant). The GMT against B.1.617.2 was 207 (95% CI, 135 to does cipro treat strep throat 319), as compared with 504 (95% CI, 358 to 709) against WA1/2020 (one sample had undetectable activity against the B.1.617.2 variant).

Among the mRNA-1273 samples, the GMT against B.1.617.1 was 190 (95% CI, 131 to 274), as compared with 1332 (95% CI, 905 does cipro treat strep throat to 1958) against WA1/2020. The GMT against does cipro treat strep throat B.1.617.2 was 350 (95% CI, 229 to 535), as compared with 1062 (95% CI, 773 to 1460) against WA1/2020. Among the BNT162b2 treatment serum samples, the GMT against B.1.617.1 was 164 (95% CI, 104 to 258), as compared with 1176 (95% CI, does cipro treat strep throat 759 to 1824) against WA1/2020.

The GMT against B.1.617.2 was 235 (95% CI, 164 to does cipro treat strep throat 338), as compared with 776 (95% CI, 571 to 1056) against WA1/2020. Among the three sample groups, the GMTs against the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants were does cipro treat strep throat significantly lower than those against the WA1/2020 strain. Our results show that the B.1.617.1 variant was 6.8 times does cipro treat strep throat less susceptible, and the B.1.617.2 variant was 2.9 times less susceptible, to neutralization by serum from persons who had recovered from buy antibiotics and from vaccinated persons than was the WA1/2020 variant.

Despite this finding, a majority of the convalescent serum samples (79% [19 of 24 samples] against B.1.617.1 and 96% [23 of 24 samples] against B.1.617.2) and all serum samples does cipro treat strep throat from vaccinated persons still had detectable neutralizing activity above the threshold of detection against both variants through 3 months after or after the second dose of treatment. Thus, protective immunity conferred by the mRNA treatments is most likely retained against does cipro treat strep throat the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants. Venkata-Viswanadh Edara, Ph.D.Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GABenjamin does cipro treat strep throat A.

Pinsky, M.D., Ph.D.Stanford University School of does cipro treat strep throat Medicine, Stanford, CAMehul S. Suthar, Ph.D.Lilin Lai, does cipro treat strep throat M.D.Meredith E. Davis-Gardner, Ph.D.Katharine does cipro treat strep throat Floyd, B.S.Maria W.

Flowers, B.S.Jens Wrammert, Ph.D.Laila does cipro treat strep throat Hussaini, M.P.H.Caroline Rose Ciric, B.S.Sarah Bechnak, B.S.N., R.N.Kathy Stephens, R.N., M.S.N.Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA [email protected]Barney S. Graham, M.D.Elham does cipro treat strep throat Bayat Mokhtari, Ph.D.Prakriti Mudvari, Ph.D.Eli Boritz, M.D., Ph.D.Adrian Creanga, Ph.D.Amarendra Pegu, Ph.D.Alexandrine Derrien-Colemyn, Ph.D.Amy R. Henry, M.S.Matthew Gagne, does cipro treat strep throat Ph.D.Daniel C.

Douek, M.D., Ph.D.National Institute does cipro treat strep throat of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MDMalaya buy cipro K. Sahoo, Ph.D.Mamdouh does cipro treat strep throat Sibai, B.S.Daniel Solis, B.S.Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CARichard J. Webby, Ph.D.Trushar Jeevan, B.S., M.P.H.Thomas P does cipro treat strep throat.

Fabrizio, Ph.D.St does cipro treat strep throat. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN Supported in part does cipro treat strep throat by grants (NIH P51 OD011132, 3U19AI057266-17S1, 1U54CA260563, and HHSN272201400004C [to Emory University] and 75N93021C00016 [to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital]) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National does cipro treat strep throat Institutes of Health.

Intramural funding from does cipro treat strep throat the NIAID. The Oliver does cipro treat strep throat S. And Jennie does cipro treat strep throat R.

Donaldson Charitable does cipro treat strep throat Trust. Emory Executive Vice does cipro treat strep throat President for Health Affairs Synergy Fund award. The Pediatric Research Alliance does cipro treat strep throat Center for Childhood s and treatments and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta.

The Emory-UGA does cipro treat strep throat Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance. buy antibiotics-Catalyst-I3 funds from the Woodruff Health Sciences Center and does cipro treat strep throat Emory School of Medicine. And Woodruff Health Sciences Center 2020 buy antibiotics does cipro treat strep throat CURE Award.

The funders had no role in the design or conduct of does cipro treat strep throat the study. Collection, management, analysis, does cipro treat strep throat and interpretation of the data. Preparation, review, does cipro treat strep throat or approval of the manuscript.

Or the decision to submit does cipro treat strep throat the manuscript for publication. Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with does cipro treat strep throat the full text of this letter at NEJM.org. This letter was published on July does cipro treat strep throat 7, 2021, at NEJM.org.5 References1.

Edara VV, Norwood C, does cipro treat strep throat Floyd K, et al. - and treatment-induced antibody binding and neutralization of the B.1.351 antibiotics does cipro treat strep throat variant. Cell Host does cipro treat strep throat Microbe 2021;29(4):516.e3-521.e3.2.

Liu Z, VanBlargan does cipro treat strep throat LA, Bloyet L-M, et al. Identification of antibiotics spike mutations does cipro treat strep throat that attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody neutralization. Cell Host Microbe does cipro treat strep throat 2021;29(3):477.e4-488.e4.3.

Plante JA, Mitchell BM, Plante KS, Debbink K, Weaver does cipro treat strep throat SC, Menachery VD. The variant does cipro treat strep throat gambit. buy antibiotics’s next move does cipro treat strep throat.

Cell Host does cipro treat strep throat Microbe 2021;29:508-515.4. Cerutti G, Guo Y, Zhou T, et does cipro treat strep throat al. Potent antibiotics neutralizing antibodies directed against spike N-terminal domain target a does cipro treat strep throat single supersite.

Cell Host does cipro treat strep throat Microbe 2021;29(5):819.e7-833.e7.5. Vanderheiden A, Edara does cipro treat strep throat VV, Floyd K, et al. Development of does cipro treat strep throat a rapid focus reduction neutralization test assay for measuring antibiotics neutralizing antibodies.

Curr Protoc Immunol 2020;131(1):e116-e116. does cipro treat strep throat.

To the cipro hc discount a fantastic read Editor. A second cipro hc discount wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome antibiotics 2 (antibiotics) s in India is leading to the emergence of antibiotics variants. The B.1.617.1 (or kappa) and B.1.617.2 (or delta) variants were first identified in India and have rapidly spread to cipro hc discount several countries throughout the world. These variants contain mutations within the spike protein located in antigenic sites recognized by antibodies with potent neutralizing activity.1-3 We used serum samples obtained from infected and vaccinated persons to assess neutralizing activity against the cipro hc discount antibiotics variants in a live-cipro assay.

For the cipro hc discount analyses, we used B.1.617.1 cipro that had been isolated from a mid-turbinate swab obtained from a patient in Stanford, California, in March 2021 (hCoV-19/USA/CA-Stanford-15_S02/2021) and B.1.617.2 cipro from a nasal swab that had been obtained from a patient in May 2021 (hCoV-19/USA/PHC658/2021). As compared with the WA1/2020 cipro hc discount variant (nCoV/USA_WA1/2020. Spike 614D), the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants contain mutations in key regions within the spike, including the N-terminal antigenic supersite,4 the receptor-binding domain, and the polybasic furin cleavage site (Tables S1 cipro hc discount and S2 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org). We used an in vitro, live-cipro focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50 [the reciprocal dilution of serum that neutralizes 50% of the input cipro])5 on a Vero E6 cell line (engineered to express TMPRSS2) to compare the neutralizing-antibody responses cipro hc discount against WA1/2020 in serum samples from 24 persons who had recovered from antibiotics disease 2019 (buy antibiotics) (obtained 31 to 91 days after symptom onset),1 from 15 persons who had received the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) treatment (obtained 35 to 51 days after the second dose), and from 10 persons who had received the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) treatment (obtained 7 to 27 days after the second dose).

Figure 1 cipro hc discount. Figure 1 cipro hc discount. Neutralizing-Antibody Responses against the WA1/2020, B.1.617.1, and B.1.617.2 Variants cipro hc discount. Shown is the neutralizing activity against natural with severe acute respiratory syndrome antibiotics 2 among 24 samples from persons who had recovered from antibiotics disease 2019 (obtained 31 to 91 days after symptom onset) (Panel A), 15 samples from persons who had received the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) treatment (obtained 35 to 51 days after the second dose) (Panel B), and 10 samples from persons who had received the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) treatment (obtained 7 cipro hc discount to 27 days after the second dose) (Panel C).

Two independent neutralization cipro hc discount assays were performed. Activity against B.1.617.1 was compared with that against WA1/2020, and activity against B.1.617.2 was compared cipro hc discount with that against WA1/2020. The focus reduction neutralization cipro hc discount test (FRNT50 [the reciprocal dilution of serum that neutralizes 50% of the input cipro]) geometric mean titers for WA1/2020, B.1.617.1, and B.1.617.2 are shown in each panel. The connecting lines cipro hc discount between WA1/2020 and B.1.617.1 or WA1/2020 and B.1.617.2 represent matched serum samples.

The horizontal dashed lines cipro hc discount along the x axes indicate the limit of detection (FRNT50 geometric mean titer, 20). Normality of the data cipro hc discount was determined with the use of the Shapiro–Wilk normality test. Nonparametric pairwise analyses cipro hc discount for neutralization titers were performed with the use of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test.All samples from infected and vaccinated persons showed less neutralizing activity against both the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants than against WA1/2020 (Figure 1). Among convalescent serum samples, the FRNT50 geometric mean titer (GMT) against B.1.617.1 was 79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 49 to 128), as compared with 514 (95% CI, 358 to 740) cipro hc discount against WA1/2020 (five samples had undetectable activity against the B.1.617.1 variant).

The GMT cipro hc discount against B.1.617.2 was 207 (95% CI, 135 to 319), as compared with 504 (95% CI, 358 to 709) against WA1/2020 (one sample had undetectable activity against the B.1.617.2 variant). Among the mRNA-1273 samples, the GMT against B.1.617.1 was 190 cipro hc discount (95% CI, 131 to 274), as compared with 1332 (95% CI, 905 to 1958) against WA1/2020. The GMT against B.1.617.2 was 350 (95% CI, 229 to 535), as compared cipro hc discount with 1062 (95% CI, 773 to 1460) against WA1/2020. Among the BNT162b2 treatment serum samples, the GMT against B.1.617.1 was 164 (95% CI, cipro hc discount 104 to 258), as compared with 1176 (95% CI, 759 to 1824) against WA1/2020.

The GMT against B.1.617.2 was 235 (95% CI, 164 to 338), as compared with 776 cipro hc discount (95% CI, 571 to 1056) against WA1/2020. Among the three cipro hc discount sample groups, the GMTs against the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants were significantly lower than those against the WA1/2020 strain. Our results show that the B.1.617.1 variant was 6.8 times less susceptible, and the B.1.617.2 variant was 2.9 times less susceptible, to neutralization by serum from persons who had recovered from buy antibiotics and from vaccinated persons than was the cipro hc discount WA1/2020 variant. Despite this finding, a majority of the convalescent serum samples (79% [19 of 24 samples] against B.1.617.1 and 96% [23 of 24 samples] against B.1.617.2) and all serum samples from cipro hc discount vaccinated persons still had detectable neutralizing activity above the threshold of detection against both variants through 3 months after or after the second dose of treatment.

Thus, protective immunity conferred by the mRNA treatments is most likely retained against the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 cipro hc discount variants. Venkata-Viswanadh Edara, cipro hc discount Ph.D.Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GABenjamin A. Pinsky, M.D., cipro hc discount Ph.D.Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CAMehul S. Suthar, Ph.D.Lilin cipro hc discount Lai, M.D.Meredith E.

Davis-Gardner, Ph.D.Katharine Floyd, cipro hc discount B.S.Maria W. Flowers, B.S.Jens Wrammert, Ph.D.Laila Hussaini, M.P.H.Caroline Rose Ciric, B.S.Sarah Bechnak, B.S.N., R.N.Kathy Stephens, R.N., M.S.N.Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, cipro hc discount GA [email protected]Barney S. Graham, M.D.Elham Bayat Mokhtari, Ph.D.Prakriti Mudvari, cipro hc discount Ph.D.Eli Boritz, M.D., Ph.D.Adrian Creanga, Ph.D.Amarendra Pegu, Ph.D.Alexandrine Derrien-Colemyn, Ph.D.Amy R. Henry, M.S.Matthew Gagne, cipro hc discount Ph.D.Daniel C.

Douek, M.D., Ph.D.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, best place to buy cipro Bethesda, cipro hc discount MDMalaya K. Sahoo, Ph.D.Mamdouh Sibai, B.S.Daniel Solis, B.S.Stanford University School of cipro hc discount Medicine, Stanford, CARichard J. Webby, Ph.D.Trushar cipro hc discount Jeevan, B.S., M.P.H.Thomas P. Fabrizio, Ph.D.St cipro hc discount.

Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN Supported in part by grants (NIH P51 OD011132, 3U19AI057266-17S1, 1U54CA260563, and cipro hc discount HHSN272201400004C [to Emory University] and 75N93021C00016 [to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital]) from the cipro hc discount National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health. Intramural funding from cipro hc discount the NIAID. The Oliver cipro hc discount S.

And Jennie R cipro hc discount. Donaldson Charitable cipro hc discount Trust. Emory Executive Vice President for Health Affairs Synergy Fund cipro hc discount award. The Pediatric Research cipro hc discount Alliance Center for Childhood s and treatments and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta.

The Emory-UGA Center of Excellence for cipro hc discount Influenza Research and Surveillance. buy antibiotics-Catalyst-I3 funds from the Woodruff Health Sciences cipro hc discount Center and Emory School of Medicine. And Woodruff Health Sciences Center 2020 cipro hc discount buy antibiotics CURE Award. The funders had no role in the design or conduct of the study cipro hc discount.

Collection, management, analysis, and interpretation cipro hc discount of the data. Preparation, review, or approval cipro hc discount of the manuscript. Or the decision to submit the manuscript cipro hc discount for publication. Disclosure forms provided by the authors are cipro hc discount available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org.

This letter cipro hc discount was published on July 7, 2021, at NEJM.org.5 References1. Edara VV, Norwood C, Floyd cipro hc discount K, et al. - and treatment-induced antibody binding cipro hc discount and neutralization of the B.1.351 antibiotics variant. Cell Host Microbe 2021;29(4):516.e3-521.e3.2 cipro hc discount.

Liu Z, VanBlargan LA, Bloyet L-M, cipro hc discount et al. Identification of antibiotics spike mutations that cipro hc discount attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody neutralization. Cell Host cipro hc discount Microbe 2021;29(3):477.e4-488.e4.3. Plante JA, cipro hc discount Mitchell BM, Plante KS, Debbink K, Weaver SC, Menachery VD.

The variant cipro hc discount gambit. buy antibiotics’s next cipro hc discount move. Cell Host Microbe cipro hc discount 2021;29:508-515.4. Cerutti G, cipro hc discount Guo Y, Zhou T, et al.

Potent antibiotics cipro hc discount neutralizing antibodies directed against spike N-terminal domain target a single supersite. Cell Host Microbe 2021;29(5):819.e7-833.e7.5 cipro hc discount. Vanderheiden A, cipro hc discount Edara VV, Floyd K, et al. Development of a rapid focus reduction neutralization test assay for measuring cipro hc discount antibiotics neutralizing antibodies.

Curr Protoc cipro hc discount Immunol 2020;131(1):e116-e116..

Cipro xr 1000mg dosage

Drawing on peer-reviewed and grey literature, Powell et al argue the dominant narrative of personal self-care during the buy antibiotics cipro must be supplemented with a collectivist approach that addresses structural inequalities and fosters a more equitable society.Compliance with self-care and risk mitigation strategies to tackle buy antibiotics has been chequered in the UK, fuelled partly by social media hoaxes and misinformation, cipro denialism, and policy leaders contravening their own http://knutson-law-firm.com/how-to-get-lasix-over-the-counter/ public health messaging cipro xr 1000mg dosage. Exploring individual non-compliance, and reflecting on wider societal inequities that can impact it, can help build critical normative resilience to future cipros.From the outset, buy antibiotics public health messaging was, and remains, primarily aimed at modifying individual lifestyles and behaviours to flatten the infectivity curve by following ‘common sense’ approaches captured by the hands–face–space mantra.1 A culture of practice and new social norms of acceptable cipro xr 1000mg dosage behaviour subsequently emerged,2 with concordance premised on cooperation between the public and government. However, as cipro xr 1000mg dosage the cipro worsened and movement restrictions continued, norms were contested by a small but vocal segment of society.This normative contestation was founded on conflict between individual agency, government paternalism and regulatory diktat, and echoed Kant’s epistemology of auism and the need to sacrifice individual liberties for the ‘greater good’. This conflict was exacerbated cipro xr 1000mg dosage by multiple lockdowns that significantly impacted individuals’ daily lives, and dissidence within a post-Brexit body politic characterised by distrust of politicians3 and strong personal beliefs about rights, responsibilities and sovereignty.Émile Durkeim's sociological concept of anomie, however, widens our understanding further.

Anomie characterises a dissolution or absence of established moral values, cipro xr 1000mg dosage standards or mores that create a resulting normlessness.4 5 Discordance between personal and group norms—the absence of a shared social ethic—weakens communal bonds, impacting individual stress, frustration, anxiety, confusion and powerlessness. During buy antibiotics, segments of society experienced powerlessness and loss of agency as daily routines were disrupted and further compounded by financial and mental distress as morbidity and mortality cipro xr 1000mg dosage data dominated daily news headlines.A visible minority began disregarding public health messaging, challenging norms needed to ensure a successful preventative response to the cipro (eg, hoarding of restricted supermarket items). That such behaviour was limited to a relative minority neither undermines the existence of anomie—self-interest remains juxtaposed to collective duty—nor weakens the contestation of existing dominant normative paradigms.6 Contesting ideas can reach a tipping point of popularity, establishing a new dominant social norm.7 This can trigger detrimental behaviour (eg, for rates) if the once dominant paradigm supported laudable public health messaging.In addressing this threat, it is vital to reinforce public health messaging by bolstering the underpinning social norms. Durkheim’s remedy was moral education, by which the collective consciousness—shared knowledge, ideas, beliefs and attitudes—is nurtured by supporting the collectivist tendencies of individuals,8 which can be achieved by various means.9 While using injunctions against those who transgress (eg, monetary fines) can supplement positive public health measures, Durkheim crucially counselled that the imposition of norms does not bind individuals to the collective as strongly cipro xr 1000mg dosage as consensus.

Such a didactic approach can undermine solidarity, potentially nurturing a scapegoat culture that cipro xr 1000mg dosage can exacerbate existing and historical inequities (eg, enforcing treatment uptake among ethnic minority populations).Indeed, disruption of the social order, and the emergence of new policy prescriptions to tackle the cipro, re-exposed chronic inequalities.10 11 ‘Stay at home’ advice had different connotations to a large segment of society. Those who were cipro xr 1000mg dosage victims of domestic abuse, or struggling to pay the rent, provide for their family, or who could not afford broadband, a personal laptop or access to a garden.An effective public health strategy is a holistic one that creates an open and inclusive dialogue with diverse community groups to identify shared values. This inclusive dialogue can help create a normative system that encourages the adoption and diffusion of initiatives addressing structural inequalities and injustices.Scrutiny of the UK’s response to buy antibiotics has made the case for self-care cipro xr 1000mg dosage as a public health measure to tackle communicable diseases, while also highlighting its limitations vis-à-vis individual rights and responsibilities and extant structural inequalities. These challenges have not undermined the self-care agenda cipro xr 1000mg dosage.

Rather, they have highlighted the need to reinforce it, to shore up the normative elements that underpin it to ensure success.Although the sustained adoption of health-seeking behaviours is crucial, individual self-care alone is insufficient to tackle the cipro. Societal responsibility is also required whereby (1) cipro xr 1000mg dosage individuals act in responsible and rational ways to prevent buy antibiotics spread until pharmacological interventions to prevent or manage the cipro become widely available and (2) communities and governing institutions work together to build a more equal society. In the UK, cipro xr 1000mg dosage the current political climate is characterised by discourse in which individuals are the source of, and the solution to, social problems. Policies and practices continue to focus on individual rather than collective cipro xr 1000mg dosage responsibility.

Both aspects cipro xr 1000mg dosage need to be addressed when tackling national emergencies, including global cipros. As Durkheim recognised,12 social justice and equality are necessary to sustain solidarity—they are the bond connecting individuals in society that ensures stability and social order.Key messagesSelf-care has been, and continues to be, critical to tackling the buy antibiotics cipro.The concept of anomie—an uprooting, dissolution or absence of established moral values, guiding standards, or social mores, creating normlessness—cannot be overlooked when planning an integrated social response.The dominant narrative of personal self-care must be supplemented with a collectivist approach cipro xr 1000mg dosage that addresses structural inequalities for the future.Ethics statementsPatient consent for publicationNot required.AcknowledgmentsRAP's and AE-O's independent contribution to this article is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London. The views expressed in this publication are those of RAP and AE-O and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care.The Global Burden of Disease Study reported that from 1990 to 2019, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) emerged as a leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in South Asians of both genders (15.2% of total DALYs in men and 11.9% in women).1 South Asia is largely rural with a population of approximately 1.2 billion people and projected to remain rural through to 2050, with a similar number of people.2 In 2014, the multi-country Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort study found that rural South Asians experienced higher incidence rates for CVD mortality and morbidity (7.2 per 1000 person-years) compared with their urban counterparts (5.6 per 1000 person-years), from myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke.3 This is despite rural South Asians having a comparatively better CVD risk profile, an INTERHEART risk score of 7.6 compared with 9.1.3 Over the past 30 years (1985–2017), the increase in age-standardised mean body mass index (BMI) in the adult rural population has outpaced urban counterparts.4 It follows that ….

Drawing on peer-reviewed and grey literature, Powell et al argue the dominant cipro hc discount narrative of personal self-care during the buy antibiotics cipro must be supplemented with a collectivist approach that addresses structural inequalities and fosters a more equitable society.Compliance with self-care and risk mitigation strategies to http://knutson-law-firm.com/how-to-get-lasix-over-the-counter/ tackle buy antibiotics has been chequered in the UK, fuelled partly by social media hoaxes and misinformation, cipro denialism, and policy leaders contravening their own public health messaging. Exploring individual non-compliance, and reflecting on wider societal inequities that can impact it, can help build critical normative resilience to future cipros.From the outset, buy antibiotics public health messaging was, and remains, primarily aimed at modifying cipro hc discount individual lifestyles and behaviours to flatten the infectivity curve by following ‘common sense’ approaches captured by the hands–face–space mantra.1 A culture of practice and new social norms of acceptable behaviour subsequently emerged,2 with concordance premised on cooperation between the public and government. However, as the cipro worsened and movement restrictions continued, norms were contested by a small but vocal segment of cipro hc discount society.This normative contestation was founded on conflict between individual agency, government paternalism and regulatory diktat, and echoed Kant’s epistemology of auism and the need to sacrifice individual liberties for the ‘greater good’. This conflict was exacerbated by multiple lockdowns that significantly impacted individuals’ daily lives, and dissidence within a post-Brexit body politic characterised by distrust of politicians3 and strong personal beliefs about rights, responsibilities and sovereignty.Émile Durkeim's sociological concept of anomie, however, widens our understanding further cipro hc discount.

Anomie characterises a dissolution or absence of established moral values, standards or mores that create a resulting normlessness.4 5 Discordance cipro hc discount between personal and group norms—the absence of a shared social ethic—weakens communal bonds, impacting individual stress, frustration, anxiety, confusion and powerlessness. During buy antibiotics, segments of society experienced powerlessness and loss of agency as daily routines were disrupted and further compounded by financial and mental distress as morbidity and mortality data dominated daily news headlines.A visible minority began disregarding public health messaging, challenging norms needed to ensure a successful preventative response to the cipro (eg, cipro hc discount hoarding of restricted supermarket items). That such behaviour was limited to a relative minority neither undermines the existence of anomie—self-interest remains juxtaposed to collective duty—nor weakens the contestation of existing dominant normative paradigms.6 Contesting ideas can reach a tipping point of popularity, establishing a new dominant social norm.7 This can trigger detrimental behaviour (eg, for rates) if the once dominant paradigm supported laudable public health messaging.In addressing this threat, it is vital to reinforce public health messaging by bolstering the underpinning social norms. Durkheim’s remedy was moral education, by which the collective consciousness—shared knowledge, ideas, beliefs and attitudes—is nurtured by supporting the collectivist tendencies of individuals,8 which can be achieved by various means.9 While using injunctions against those who transgress (eg, monetary fines) can supplement positive public health measures, Durkheim crucially counselled that the imposition of norms does not bind individuals to cipro hc discount the collective as strongly as consensus.

Such a didactic approach can undermine solidarity, potentially nurturing a scapegoat culture that can exacerbate existing and historical inequities (eg, enforcing treatment uptake among ethnic minority populations).Indeed, disruption of the social order, and the emergence of new policy prescriptions to tackle the cipro hc discount cipro, re-exposed chronic inequalities.10 11 ‘Stay at home’ advice had different connotations to a large segment of society. Those who were victims of domestic abuse, or struggling to pay the rent, provide for their family, or who could not cipro hc discount afford broadband, a personal laptop or access to a garden.An effective public health strategy is a holistic one that creates an open and inclusive dialogue with diverse community groups to identify shared values. This inclusive dialogue can help create a normative system that encourages the adoption and cipro hc discount diffusion of initiatives addressing structural inequalities and injustices.Scrutiny of the UK’s response to buy antibiotics has made the case for self-care as a public health measure to tackle communicable diseases, while also highlighting its limitations vis-à-vis individual rights and responsibilities and extant structural inequalities. These challenges have not undermined the self-care agenda cipro hc discount.

Rather, they have highlighted the need to reinforce it, to shore up the normative elements that underpin it to ensure success.Although the sustained adoption of health-seeking behaviours is crucial, individual self-care alone is insufficient to tackle the cipro. Societal responsibility is also required whereby (1) individuals act in responsible and rational ways to prevent buy antibiotics cipro hc discount spread until pharmacological interventions to prevent or manage the cipro become widely available and (2) communities and governing institutions work together to build a more equal society. In the UK, the current political climate is characterised by discourse in which individuals are the source of, and the solution to, social cipro hc discount problems. Policies and practices continue to cipro hc discount focus on individual rather than collective responsibility.

Both aspects need to be addressed when tackling national emergencies, including cipro hc discount global cipros. As Durkheim recognised,12 social justice and equality are necessary to sustain solidarity—they are the bond connecting individuals in society that ensures stability and social order.Key messagesSelf-care has been, and continues to be, critical to tackling the buy antibiotics cipro.The concept of anomie—an uprooting, dissolution or absence of cipro hc discount established moral values, guiding standards, or social mores, creating normlessness—cannot be overlooked when planning an integrated social response.The dominant narrative of personal self-care must be supplemented with a collectivist approach that addresses structural inequalities for the future.Ethics statementsPatient consent for publicationNot required.AcknowledgmentsRAP's and AE-O's independent contribution to this article is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London. The views expressed in this publication are those of RAP and AE-O and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care.The Global Burden of Disease Study reported that from 1990 to 2019, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) emerged as a leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in South Asians of both genders (15.2% of total DALYs in men and 11.9% in women).1 South Asia is largely rural with a population of approximately 1.2 billion people and projected to remain rural through to 2050, with a similar number of people.2 In 2014, the multi-country Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort study found that rural South Asians experienced higher incidence rates for CVD mortality and morbidity (7.2 per 1000 person-years) compared with their urban counterparts (5.6 per 1000 person-years), from myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke.3 This is despite rural South Asians having a comparatively better CVD risk profile, an INTERHEART risk score of 7.6 compared with 9.1.3 Over the past 30 years (1985–2017), the increase in age-standardised mean body mass index (BMI) in the adult rural population has outpaced urban counterparts.4 It follows that ….

Cipro for meningitis exposure

Self-care leader Deepak Chopra announced a new partnership Tuesday look at this website with MindMed, a clinical-stage psychedelic medicine biotech company, and explained that the collaboration was in cipro for meningitis exposure line with his continued interest in the relation of the mind to body. "I am partnering with MindMed cipro for meningitis exposure for the public education and the public awareness of the research on psychedelics," Chopra said. "I don't believe psychedelics are a panacea, but I think they have a big role...with PTSD, in mental distress depression, suicide prevention and much, much more." A phase 3 clinical trial revealed that MDMA, popularly known as ecstasy, combined with therapy helped people with severe post-traumatic stress disorder. Two-thirds of cipro for meningitis exposure participants in the MDMA test group no longer qualified for a diagnosis of PTSD two months after treatment. Therapists caution, however, that the treatment cannot be replicated at home with the street version of the drug.

Chopra told CNBC's "The News with Shepard Smith" that mental distress "is the number one cipro in the world," and that every cipro for meningitis exposure 40 seconds, someone is committing suicide, and was another reason why he wants to bring awareness to psychedelics. Host Shepard Smith did note to Chopra that he has "a long history of supporting alternative medicines with varying results that are often questioned by doctors," and wanted to know how his partnership with MindMed is different. Smith added a quote by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins who has said that Chopra uses "quantum cipro for meningitis exposure jargon as plausible-sounding hocus pocus." Chopra explained to Smith that a Google search would result in the evidence when it comes to psychedelics and mindfulness. "You just have to look up, just Google the evidence on mindfulness and mindful awareness on psychedelics, and ignore people like Dawkins," Chopra said.Richard Dawkins did not immediately respond to CNBC's request for comment..

Self-care leader Deepak Chopra announced a new partnership Tuesday with MindMed, a clinical-stage psychedelic medicine biotech cipro hc discount company, and explained that the Kamagra 100mg oral jelly price collaboration was in line with his continued interest in the relation of the mind to body. "I am partnering cipro hc discount with MindMed for the public education and the public awareness of the research on psychedelics," Chopra said. "I don't believe psychedelics are a panacea, but I think they have a big role...with PTSD, in mental distress depression, suicide prevention and much, much more." A phase 3 clinical trial revealed that MDMA, popularly known as ecstasy, combined with therapy helped people with severe post-traumatic stress disorder. Two-thirds of participants in the MDMA test group no longer qualified for a diagnosis of PTSD two months cipro hc discount after treatment. Therapists caution, however, that the treatment cannot be replicated at home with the street version of the drug.

Chopra told CNBC's "The News with Shepard Smith" that mental distress "is the cipro hc discount number one cipro in the world," and that every 40 seconds, someone is committing suicide, and was another reason why he wants to bring awareness to psychedelics. Host Shepard Smith did note to Chopra that he has "a long history of supporting alternative medicines with varying results that are often questioned by doctors," and wanted to know how his partnership with MindMed is different. Smith added a quote by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins who has said that Chopra uses "quantum jargon as plausible-sounding hocus pocus." Chopra explained to Smith that a cipro hc discount Google search would result in the evidence when it comes to psychedelics and mindfulness. "You just have to look up, just Google the evidence on mindfulness and mindful awareness on psychedelics, and ignore people like Dawkins," Chopra said.Richard Dawkins did not immediately respond to CNBC's request for comment..